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со всех языков на все языки

to sail with the wind (behind one)

  • 1 Wind

    m; -(e)s, -e
    1. wind; (Windstoß) gust (of wind); günstiger oder guter Wind fair wind; leichter oder sanfter Wind (gentle) breeze; schwacher bis mäßiger Wind aus Nordost light to moderate northeasterly wind; Wind und Wetter ausgesetzt sein be exposed to the weather ( oder to the elements, oder to wind and weather); bei Wind und Wetter in all weathers, no matter what the weather; dicht oder hart am Wind segeln sail close to the wind; gegen den Wind into the wind; mit dem Wind down wind
    2. fig.: ( schnell) wie der Wind umg. like the wind; Wind bekommen von get wind of; viel Wind machen umg. (Aufhebens machen) make a great big fuss; (angeben) talk big; viel Wind um nichts much ado about nothing; mit dem / gegen den Wind segeln sail with / against the wind; jemandem den Wind aus den Segeln nehmen umg. take the wind out of s.o.’s sails; das ist Wind in seine Segel that’s grist to his mill; in alle ( vier) Winde zerstreut scattered to the four winds; in den Wind reden waste one’s breath; in den Wind schlagen (Rat, Warnung) pay no heed to, turn a deaf ear to, ignore; (Vernunft, Vorsicht etc.) cast to the winds; frischen Wind in die Firma bringen shake the company up; daher weht ( also) der Wind! (so) that’s the way the wind blows oder is blowing; wissen, woher der Wind weht know which way the wind blows ( oder is blowing); hier weht jetzt ein anderer / frischer / schärferer Wind umg. things have changed / livened up / tightened up (a)round here now; sich (Dat) den Wind um die Nase oder Ohren wehen lassen umg. go out into the big wide world; wer Wind sät, wird Sturm ernten Sprichw. sow the wind and reap the whirlwind; ich bin so durch den Wind umg. (daneben) I’m off form ( oder under the weather), I feel really awful; Fähnchen, Mantel
    3. MED. (Blähung) wind; einen Wind fahren oder streichen lassen umg. blow off
    * * *
    der Wind
    wind
    * * *
    Wịnd [vɪnt]
    m -(e)s, -e
    [-də]
    1) wind

    der Wind dreht sich — the wind is changing direction; (fig) the climate is changing

    wissen/merken, woher der Wind weht or bläst (fig) — to know/notice the way the wind is blowing

    seither weht or bläst ein anderer/frischer Wind (fig) — things have changed since then

    gegen den Wind segeln (lit) — to sail into the wind; (fig) to swim against the stream, to run against the wind (US)

    den Mantel or das Mäntelchen or die Fahne or das Fähnchen nach dem Wind hängen or drehen or richten — to trim one's sails to the wind, to swim with the tide

    etw in den Wind schlagen (Warnungen, Rat) — to turn a deaf ear to sth; Vorsicht, Vernunft to throw or cast sth to the winds

    wer Wind sät, wird Sturm ernten (Prov) — sow the wind and reap the whirlwind (prov)

    2) (Himmelsrichtung) wind (direction)
    3) (MED = Blähung) wind

    einen Wind fahren or streichen lassen — to break wind, to fart (inf)

    4) (HUNT) wind

    von jdm/etw Wind nehmen or bekommen — to take or get the wind of sb/sth

    von etw Wind bekommen or kriegen/haben (fig inf) — to get/have wind of sth

    * * *
    ((an) outdoor current of air: The wind is strong today; There wasn't much wind yesterday; Cold winds blow across the desert.) wind
    * * *
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [vɪnt, pl ˈvɪndə]
    m
    1. METEO wind; (fig: Geschwätz) empty talk, BRIT also wind
    der \Wind schlägt um the wind is changing; (fig) it's turning for the worse
    ein glücklicher \Wind hat sie hierher getrieben (fig) a lucky chance brought her here
    dem \Wind abgekehrt NAUT downwind, leeward
    [hart] am \Wind NAUT close to the wind
    günstiger/widriger \Wind NAUT fair/foul [or adverse] wind
    \Wind von hinten/vorn tailwind/headwind
    lauer [o sanfter] \Wind gentle wind [or breeze]
    mit dem \Wind with the wind in one's back; NAUT before the wind
    den \Wind im Rücken haben to have the wind in one's back
    vor dem \Wind NAUT downwind; segeln before the wind
    bei [o in] \Wind und Wetter in all weathers
    2. MUS einer Orgel wind no indef art, no pl
    3. TECH eines Hochofens [air] blast
    4. (Darmgas) flatulence no art, no pl, flatus no art, no pl form, BRIT also wind no art, no pl, AM also gas no art, no pl
    einen \Wind entweichen [o (fam) fahren] lassen to break wind
    5.
    ▶ in alle [vier] \Winde in all directions
    in alle [vier] \Winde zerstreut scattered to the four winds [or corners of the earth]
    ▶ \Wind von etw dat bekommen [o kriegen] /haben (fam) to get/have [got] wind of sth
    ▶ \Wind machen (fam: übertreiben) to exaggerate; (prahlen) to brag
    ▶ viel \Wind um etw akk machen (fam) to make a great fuss [or fam to-do] about sth
    ▶ sich dat den \Wind um die Nase wehen [o um die Ohren wehen [o pfeifen]] lassen (fam) to see a bit of life [or the world]
    ▶ der \Wind pfeift [jetzt] aus einem anderen Loch (fam) the wind is [now] blowing from another quarter
    ▶ in den \Wind reden [o sprechen] to waste one's breath
    alles war in den \Wind gesprochen it was all in vain
    ▶ etw in den \Wind schlagen (nicht hören) to turn a deaf ear to sth; (nicht achten) to throw [or cast] sth to the wind
    ▶ etw in den \Wind schreiben (fam) to kiss sth goodbye, to kiss goodbye to sth fam, to write sth off
    ▶ gegen den/mit dem \Wind segeln to swim against/with the tide
    ▶ jdm den \Wind aus den Segeln nehmen (fam) to take the wind out of sb's sails
    ▶ wer \Wind sät, wird Sturm ernten (prov) sow the wind and reap the whirlwind prov
    ▶ irgendwo weht jetzt ein anderer [o neuer] /frischer/schärferer \Wind (fam)
    in der Firma weht jetzt ein anderer/frischer/schärferer \Wind things have now changed/changed for the better/tightened up in the company
    ▶ merken/spüren/wissen, woher der \Wind weht (fam) to notice/feel/know which way the wind is blowing
    ▶ daher weht [also] der \Wind! so that's the way the wind is blowing!
    ▶ [schnell] wie der \Wind [as] fast as the wind; Gerücht like wildfire
    * * *
    der; Wind[e]s, Winde
    1) wind

    [schnell] wie der Wind — like the wind

    2) (fig.)

    wissen/merken, woher der Wind weht — (ugs.) know/notice which way the wind's blowing

    Wind machen — (ugs.) brag

    viel Wind um etwas machen — (ugs.) make a great fuss about something

    Wind von etwas bekommen — (ugs.) get wind of something

    jemandem den Wind aus den Segeln nehmen — (ugs.) take the wind out of somebody's sails

    etwas in den Wind schlagen — turn a deaf ear or pay no heed to something

    in alle [vier] Winde — in all directions

    * * *
    Wind m; -(e)s, -e
    1. wind; (Windstoß) gust (of wind);
    guter Wind fair wind;
    sanfter Wind (gentle) breeze;
    schwacher bis mäßiger Wind aus Nordost light to moderate northeasterly wind;
    Wind und Wetter ausgesetzt sein be exposed to the weather ( oder to the elements, oder to wind and weather);
    bei Wind und Wetter in all weathers, no matter what the weather;
    hart am Wind segeln sail close to the wind;
    gegen den Wind into the wind;
    mit dem Wind down wind
    2. fig:
    (schnell) wie der Wind umg like the wind;
    Wind bekommen von get wind of;
    viel Wind machen umg (Aufhebens machen) make a great big fuss; (angeben) talk big;
    viel Wind um nichts much ado about nothing;
    mit dem/gegen den Wind segeln sail with/against the wind;
    jemandem den Wind aus den Segeln nehmen umg take the wind out of sb’s sails;
    das ist Wind in seine Segel that’s grist to his mill;
    in alle (vier) Winde zerstreut scattered to the four winds;
    in den Wind reden waste one’s breath;
    in den Wind schlagen (Rat, Warnung) pay no heed to, turn a deaf ear to, ignore; (Vernunft, Vorsicht etc) cast to the winds;
    frischen Wind in die Firma bringen shake the company up;
    daher weht (also) der Wind! (so) that’s the way the wind blows oder is blowing;
    wissen, woher der Wind weht know which way the wind blows ( oder is blowing);
    hier weht jetzt ein anderer/frischer/schärferer Wind umg things have changed/livened up/tightened up (a)round here now;
    sich (dat)
    Ohren wehen lassen umg go out into the big wide world;
    wer Wind sät, wird Sturm ernten sprichw sow the wind and reap the whirlwind;
    ich bin so durch den Wind umg (daneben) I’m off form ( oder under the weather), I feel really awful; → Fähnchen, Mantel
    3. MED (Blähung) wind;
    streichen lassen umg blow off
    * * *
    der; Wind[e]s, Winde
    1) wind

    [schnell] wie der Wind — like the wind

    2) (fig.)

    wissen/merken, woher der Wind weht — (ugs.) know/notice which way the wind's blowing

    Wind machen — (ugs.) brag

    viel Wind um etwas machen — (ugs.) make a great fuss about something

    Wind von etwas bekommen — (ugs.) get wind of something

    jemandem den Wind aus den Segeln nehmen — (ugs.) take the wind out of somebody's sails

    etwas in den Wind schlagen — turn a deaf ear or pay no heed to something

    in alle [vier] Winde — in all directions

    * * *
    -e m.
    wind n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Wind

  • 2 wind

    1 [luchtstroming] wind ⇒ 〈 bries〉 breeze, 〈 harde wind〉 gale
    2 [scheet] wind
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   〈 formeel〉 wind en weder dienende • weather permitting
         bestand zijn tegen weer en wind • be wind and weatherproof
         geen zuchtje wind • not a breath of wind, dead calm
         een bijtende/veranderlijke wind • a biting/gusty wind
         een felle wind • a fierce wind
         een frisse wind • 〈 letterlijk〉 a cool wind; 〈 figuurlijk〉 the wind of change
         een harde/krachtige wind • a high/powerful wind
         zwakke/matige wind • light/moderate breeze
         de wind draaide naar het oosten • the wind veered round to the east
         de wind draait • the wind is changing/turning
         de wind gaat liggen • the wind is dropping
         de wind van voren krijgen • 〈 figuurlijk〉 get lectured at, have the book thrown at one
         de wind kwam van zee • the wind was blowing onshore
         maak niet zo'n wind met die deur • don't make such a draught with that door
         〈 figuurlijk〉 veel wind maken • make a lot of fuss
         iemand de wind uit de zeilen nemen • 〈 figuurlijk〉 steal a march on someone, take the wind out of someone's sails
         er staat niet veel wind • there's not much (of a) wind
         kijken uit welke hoek de wind waait • see which way the wind blows, play it by ear
         de wind zat in de goede hoek • the wind was from the right quarter
         wind achter/tegen • tail/head wind
         de wind mee hebben • have the wind behind one; 〈 figuurlijk〉 have everything going for one
         met de wind mee • with the wind
         wind tegen hebben • walk/sail against the wind, have a head wind; 〈 figuurlijk〉 sail against the wind/current
         〈 figuurlijk〉 een waarschuwing in de wind slaan • disregard a warning
         in de wind gaan • 〈 met betrekking tot beurs〉 sell short
         met alle winden (mee)waaien/draaien • trim one's sails (according) to the wind, swim with the tide
         tegen de wind in • against the wind, into the teeth of the wind
         〈 sport〉 uit de wind zetten/houden • shelter
         van de wind kan je niet leven • you can't live on air/nothing
         〈 figuurlijk〉 het gaat hem voor de wind • he's doing well/flying high
         er als de wind vandoor gaan • be off like a shot/(greased) lightning
    2   winden laten • break wind
    ¶   de wind er onder hebben • put the fear of God into people

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > wind

  • 3 wind

    I.
    A n
    1 Meteorol vent m ; North/East wind vent du nord/d'est ; the wind is blowing il y a du vent ; which way is the wind blowing? d'où vient le vent? ; a high wind un vent fort, un grand vent ; to have the wind at one's back ou to have the wind behind one avoir le vent pour soi ;
    2 Naut vent m ; fair wind bon vent ; to sail ou run before the wind lit, fig avoir le vent en poupe ; to sail into the wind naviguer contre le vent, avoir le vent debout ; to sail close to the wind Naut serrer le vent ; fig jouer avec le feu ;
    3 ( breath) souffle m ; to knock the wind out of couper le souffle à ; to get one's wind reprendre souffle ; to get one's second wind fig reprendre ses forces ;
    4 fig ( current) vent m ; the wind of change le vent du changement ; the cold winds of recession le spectre de la récession ; there is something in the wind il y a quelque chose dans l'air, il se prépare quelque chose ;
    5 ( flatulence) vents mpl, gaz mpl intestinaux ; to break wind lâcher un vent ; to suffer from wind avoir des gaz ; to bring up wind roter ; that's a lot of wind ○ ! c'est du vent ○ ! ;
    6 Mus the wind(s) les instruments mpl à vent.
    B vtr
    1 ( make breathless) [blow, punch] couper la respiration or le souffle à ; [climb, exertion] essouffler, mettre [qn] hors d'haleine ;
    2 ( burp) faire faire son rot ○ à [baby] ;
    3 Hunt ( scent) avoir un vent de, flairer.
    to get wind of avoir vent de, apprendre ; to get the wind up ○ avoir la trouille ○ or la frousse ○ (about à cause de) ; to put the wind up sb ○ flanquer la trouille ○ à qn, faire une peur bleue à qn ; to go/run like the wind aller/filer comme le vent ; it's (like) pissing ◑ ou whistling in the wind c'est comme si on pissait ◑ dans un violon ; to see which way the wind blows prendre le vent ; you'll be stuck like that if the wind changes! ( to child pulling faces) arrête ou tu vas rester comme ça!
    II.
    A n
    1 ( bend) ( of road) tournant m ;
    2 ( movement) ( of handle) tour m ; to give a clock a wind remonter une pendule.
    B vtr ( prét, pp wound)
    1 ( coil up) enrouler [hair, rope, string, tape, wire] (on, onto sur ; round autour de) ; he wound a scarf round his neck il s'est enroulé or passé une écharpe autour du cou ; she wound her arms around him elle l'a enlacé ; to wind wool faire une pelote de laine ;
    2 ( set in motion) ( also wind up) remonter [watch, clock, toy] ;
    3 ( turn) donner un tour de [handle] ;
    4 ( move sinuously) to wind one's ou its way [procession, road, river] serpenter.
    C vi ( prét, pp wound) [road, river, procession] serpenter (along le long de) ; [stairs] tourner ; a queue winding round the theatre une queue qui tournait au coin du théâtre.
    ■ wind down:
    1 ( end) [organization] réduire ses activités, ralentir ; [activity, production] toucher à sa fin ; [person] ( relax) se détendre ;
    2 [clockwork] être sur le point de s'arrêter ;
    ▶ wind down [sth], wind [sth] down
    1 ( open) baisser [car window] ;
    2 ( prepare for closure) mettre fin à [activity, organization] ; the business is being wound down on est en train de mettre fin à l'entreprise.
    ■ wind in:
    ▶ wind in [sth], wind [sth] in remonter [cable, line, fish].
    ■ wind off:
    ▶ wind off [sth], wind [sth] off dérouler [thread, rope].
    ■ wind on:
    ▶ wind on [film] s'enrouler, s'embobiner ;
    ▶ wind on [sth], wind [sth] on enrouler [thread, rope] ; enrouler, embobiner [film].
    ■ wind up:
    ▶ wind up
    1 ( finish) [event] se terminer (with par) ; [speaker] conclure ;
    2 ○ ( end up) finir, se retrouver ; we wound up at Louise's house/sleeping in a barn on a fini chez Louise/par dormir dans une grange ; the car wound up in the ditch la voiture s'est retrouvée dans le fossé ; she wound up as a dancer in Tokyo elle s'est retrouvée danseuse à Tokyo ;
    ▶ wind up [sth], wind [sth] up
    1 ( terminate) liquider [business] ; fermer [account, club] ; mettre fin à [campaign, career, debate, meeting, project, tour] ; Jur régler [estate] ;
    2 ( cause to move) remonter [clock, watch, toy, car window] ;
    ▶ wind [sb] up, wind up [sb]
    1 ( tease) faire marcher [person] ;
    2 (annoy, make tense) énerver ; to be wound up about sth être énervé à cause de qch.

    Big English-French dictionary > wind

  • 4 z

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    nt
    inv ( litera) Z, z

    Z jak Zygmunt — ≈Z for zebra

    * * *
    I.
    z1, ze
    prep.
    + Gen.
    1. ( punkt wyjścia) from; z domu from home.
    2. ( źródło informacji) from; z gazet/książki/doświadczenia from newspapers/the book/experience.
    3. ( czas) from, of; z dziesiątego wieku from the 10th century; z rana in the morning; list z drugiego maja a letter of 2nd May.
    4. (surowiec, składnik) of, from; zrobiony z drewna made of wood; stół z drewna wooden table.
    5. (przynależność, zbiorowość) of, from; jeden z nas one of us; kolega ze szkoły a friend from school, school friend; z domu Janowska née l. nee Janowska.
    6. ( przyczyna) (out) of; z bólu/nudów/radości (out) of pain/boredom/joy; z jakiej racji? for what reason?, how come?; ni z tego, ni z owego all of a sudden.
    7. ( zmiana stanu) of; co z nami będzie? what's going to become of us?
    8. ( nasilenie) with; z całych sił with all one's might; z całego serca with all one's heart, wholeheartedly.
    9. (wzór, model) from; wyrecytować z pamięci recite from memory.
    10. ( ograniczenie zakresu) at, by, in; podobny z wyglądu similar-looking; egzamin z angielskiego examination in English; ona jest dobra z biologii she's good at biology; on jest z zawodu leksykografem he's a lexicographer by profession.
    11. ( tworzy wyrażenia przysłówkowe) z grubsza roughly; z lekka lightly, delicately; z rzadka rarely.
    12. + Ins. ( towarzyszenie) with; jedź z nami come with us; deszcz ze śniegiem sleet.
    13. + Ins. (element, składnik) and, with; chleb z masłem bread and butter; bułka z dżemem bread roll with jam; kawa ze śmietanką/mlekiem coffee with cream/milk; sklep z zabawkami toy store l. shop.
    14. + Ins. ( stan) with; z wysiłkiem with effort; z uwagą attentively.
    15. + Ins. (obiekt podlegający działaniu, stanowi) co z nim? how is he?
    16. + Ins. ( cel) przyjść z pomocą come to sb's aid; przyjść do kogoś z wizytą pay sb a visit.
    17. + Ins. ( skutek) with; z dobrym skutkiem with a good result; z powodzeniem successfully.
    II.
    z2, ze
    adv.
    pot. (= około) about; z godzinę about an hour.
    III.
    Z, z
    n.
    ( litera) Z, z; Z jak Zygmunt Z is for Zulu; Z as in Zulu.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > z

  • 5 ze

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    prep; = z
    * * *
    I.
    z1, ze
    prep.
    + Gen.
    1. ( punkt wyjścia) from; z domu from home.
    2. ( źródło informacji) from; z gazet/książki/doświadczenia from newspapers/the book/experience.
    3. ( czas) from, of; z dziesiątego wieku from the 10th century; z rana in the morning; list z drugiego maja a letter of 2nd May.
    4. (surowiec, składnik) of, from; zrobiony z drewna made of wood; stół z drewna wooden table.
    5. (przynależność, zbiorowość) of, from; jeden z nas one of us; kolega ze szkoły a friend from school, school friend; z domu Janowska née l. nee Janowska.
    6. ( przyczyna) (out) of; z bólu/nudów/radości (out) of pain/boredom/joy; z jakiej racji? for what reason?, how come?; ni z tego, ni z owego all of a sudden.
    7. ( zmiana stanu) of; co z nami będzie? what's going to become of us?
    8. ( nasilenie) with; z całych sił with all one's might; z całego serca with all one's heart, wholeheartedly.
    9. (wzór, model) from; wyrecytować z pamięci recite from memory.
    10. ( ograniczenie zakresu) at, by, in; podobny z wyglądu similar-looking; egzamin z angielskiego examination in English; ona jest dobra z biologii she's good at biology; on jest z zawodu leksykografem he's a lexicographer by profession.
    11. ( tworzy wyrażenia przysłówkowe) z grubsza roughly; z lekka lightly, delicately; z rzadka rarely.
    12. + Ins. ( towarzyszenie) with; jedź z nami come with us; deszcz ze śniegiem sleet.
    13. + Ins. (element, składnik) and, with; chleb z masłem bread and butter; bułka z dżemem bread roll with jam; kawa ze śmietanką/mlekiem coffee with cream/milk; sklep z zabawkami toy store l. shop.
    14. + Ins. ( stan) with; z wysiłkiem with effort; z uwagą attentively.
    15. + Ins. (obiekt podlegający działaniu, stanowi) co z nim? how is he?
    16. + Ins. ( cel) przyjść z pomocą come to sb's aid; przyjść do kogoś z wizytą pay sb a visit.
    17. + Ins. ( skutek) with; z dobrym skutkiem with a good result; z powodzeniem successfully.
    II.
    z2, ze
    adv.
    pot. (= około) about; z godzinę about an hour.
    III.
    Z, z
    n.
    ( litera) Z, z; Z jak Zygmunt Z is for Zulu; Z as in Zulu.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ze

  • 6 Z

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    nt
    inv ( litera) Z, z

    Z jak Zygmunt — ≈Z for zebra

    * * *
    Z
    n.
    ( litera) Z, z; Z jak Zygmunt Z is for Zulu; Z as in Zulu.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > Z

  • 7 Ź

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    nt
    inv ( litera) Z, z

    Z jak Zygmunt — ≈Z for zebra

    * * *
    Ź
    n.
    indecl. ( litera) Z with an accent, z with an accent; Z acute, z acute.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > Ź

  • 8 ź

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    nt
    inv ( litera) Z, z

    Z jak Zygmunt — ≈Z for zebra

    * * *
    ź
    n.
    indecl. ( litera) Z with an accent, z with an accent; Z acute, z acute.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ź

  • 9 Ż

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    nt
    inv ( litera) Z, z

    Z jak Zygmunt — ≈Z for zebra

    * * *
    Ż
    n.
    indecl. ( litera) Z with a dot (above), z with a dot (above); dotted Z, dotted z.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > Ż

  • 10 ż

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    nt
    inv ( litera) Z, z

    Z jak Zygmunt — ≈Z for zebra

    * * *
    ż
    n.
    indecl. ( litera) Z with a dot (above), z with a dot (above); dotted Z, dotted z.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ż

  • 11 że

    z, ze Ⅰ praep. 1. (przed określeniami miejsca) from (czegoś sth); (o pomieszczeniu, pojemniku) from, out of (czegoś sth); (o powierzchni) off (czegoś sth)
    - z Polski/ze Szkocji from Poland/Scotland
    - pamiątka z Japonii a souvenir from Japan
    - św. Franciszek z Asyżu St Francis of Assisi
    - jechać z Berlina do Warszawy to go from Berlin to Warsaw
    - wyszedł z domu o trzeciej he left home at three
    - wyjął pieniądze z portfela he took some money out of his wallet
    - zjechał na sankach z górki he went down the hill on a sledge
    - gwóźdź wystający z deski a nail sticking out of a plank
    - zdjął obraz ze ściany he took the picture off the wall
    - sprzątnęła brudne naczynia ze stołu she cleared the dirty dishes off the table
    - podniósł coś z podłogi he picked something up off the floor
    - zsiadł z konia he got off the horse
    2. (określający kierunek, stronę) from (czegoś sth)
    - hałasy dochodzące z góry noises coming from upstairs
    - widok z wieży kościoła the view from the church tower
    - z każdej strony a. ze wszystkich stron from all sides, from every side
    - z lewej/prawej strony (znajdować się) on a. to the left/right; (zbliżać się) from the left/right
    - z mojej lewej/prawej strony (tuż obok) by my left/right side; (nieco dalej) to my left/right
    - z tamtej strony brzeg jest bagnisty on the other side the shore is marshy
    - z przodu/tyłu at the front/back
    3. (określający źródło, pochodzenie) from (czegoś sth)
    - dane z rocznika statystycznego data from a statistical yearbook
    - wiadomość z pewnej gazety information from a certain newspaper
    - znał jej adres z książki telefonicznej he knew her address from the telephone directory
    - wiem o tym z doświadczenia I know it from experience
    - z badań rynkowych wynika, że… from market research it emerges that…
    - dyrektor z wyboru/nominacji an elected/a nominated director
    - towary z importu imported goods
    - odrzuty z eksportu export rejects
    - znalazł sobie pracę z ogłoszenia he found a job through an ad
    4. (z określeniami czasu) from, of (czegoś sth)
    - zamek z XV wieku a castle (dating) from the 15th century
    - fotografie z lat szkolnych photographs from one’s school days
    - jego list z 12 maja his letter of 12 May
    - to jest rachunek za telefon z ubiegłego miesiąca this is the phone bill for a. from last month
    - z rana in the morning
    - z samego rana first thing in the morning
    5. (wskazuje na podstawę, wzór) from (czegoś sth)
    - rysunek z natury a drawing from nature
    - odpis z oryginału a duplicate of the original
    - wyrecytować coś z pamięci to recite sth from memory
    - przepisał dane z tablicy he copied down the data from the board
    6. (wskazuje na surowiec) of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z drzewa/ze stali of a. from wood/steel
    - zasmażka z mąki i wywaru a roux of a. from flour and stock
    - z czego to jest zrobione? what is it made of a. from?
    - wiązanka z czerwonych róż a bunch of red roses
    - sok z wiśni/malin cherry/raspberry juice
    - sałatka z pomidorów/selera a tomato/celery salad
    - dom wybudowany z cegieł a brick-built house
    7. (wskazuje na zbiór) of (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - któryś z nich/nas one of them/us
    - jeden z uczniów one of the pupils
    - żaden z nauczycieli none of the teachers
    - najstarszy/najmłodszy z nich the oldest/youngest of them
    - czy któryś z was go zna? do any of you know him?
    - czy coś z tego rozumiesz? do you understand any of that?
    8. (wskazuje na przyczynę stanu) out of, from (czegoś sth)
    - z radości/ze strachu out of joy/fear
    - z konieczności (out) of necessity
    - zemdleć z wyczerpania to faint from exhaustion
    - umrzeć z głodu die of starvation
    - wyszła za mąż z miłości she married for love a. out of love
    - udusił się z braku powietrza he suffocated through lack of air
    9 (wskazuje na stan początkowy) from (kogoś/czegoś sb/sth)
    - z nasion/pąków from seeds/buds
    - wyrosła z niej śliczna dziewczyna she grew into a very pretty girl
    - z majora awansował na pułkownika he was promoted from major to colonel
    - inflacja spadła z 10 do 8 procent inflation went down from 10 to 8 per cent
    - z niewinnej sprzeczki zrobiła się wielka awantura an innocent tiff turned into a big row pot.
    10 (wskazuje na cechę) znany/słynny z czegoś well-known/famous for sth
    - miasto słynie z zabytkowych budowli the town is famous for its historic buildings
    - z oczu jest podobna do matki her eyes are like her mother’s
    - ze sposobu bycia przypominał ojca he resembled his father in manner
    11 (wskazuje na natężenie) z całego serca with all one’s heart
    - ze wszystkich sił with all one’s might
    - z całą dokładnością with the utmost accuracy
    - podkreślić z całą mocą to emphasize most strongly
    - z grubsza roughly
    - z lekka lightly
    - z rzadka rarely, seldom
    - z uwagą attentively
    - z wysiłkiem with (an) effort
    12 (wskazuje na element całości) with (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - kawa z mlekiem coffee with milk
    - dom z ogrodem a house with a garden
    - dziewczyna z niebieskimi oczami a girl with blue eyes
    - matka z dzieckiem na ręku a mother carrying a. with a baby in her arms
    - samolot ze stu osobami na pokładzie a plane with a hundred people on board
    - chleb z masłem bread and butter
    - mieszkanie z umeblowaniem a furnished flat
    - sklep z używaną odzieżą a second-hand clothes shop
    - podróżowała z mężem i dwojgiem dzieci she travelled with her husband and two children
    - dyskutował z synem he was arguing with his son
    - rozstał się ze swą przyjaciółką he parted with his girlfriend
    - zaprzyjaźniła się z nim dwa lata temu she became friendly with him two years ago
    - pójdziesz z nami do kina? are you going to the cinema with us?
    - wyszedł na spacer z psem he took the dog for a walk
    - porozmawiam z nim o tym jutro I’ll talk to him about it tomorrow
    13 (wskazuje na sposób) with (czymś sth)
    - z niedowierzaniem/ze zdumieniem in a. with disbelief/astonishment
    - okno zamknęło się z trzaskiem the window closed with a bang
    - obudził się z bólem głowy he woke up with a headache
    - leżał na trawie z rękami pod głową he was lying on the grass with his hands behind his head
    - płynąć z wiatrem/prądem to sail with the wind/current
    14 (wskazuje na cel) pójść do kogoś z prośbą o radę to go to sb to request advice
    - pośpieszyć komuś z pomocą to go to sb’s aid
    - pojechał do Niemiec z wykładami he went to Germany on a lecture tour
    15 (wskazuje na współzależność) with (czymś sth)
    - z wiekiem with age
    - wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia with the growth of a. in pressure
    - z czasem with a. in time
    - z upływem czasu with the passing of time
    - z każdym dniem/rokiem with each passing day/year
    16 (z określeniami pory) with (czymś sth)
    - z końcem/początkiem sierpnia at the end/beginning of August
    - z nadejściem lata with the approach of summer
    17 (eliptyczne) about (kimś/czymś sb/sth)
    - co z artykułem? what about the article?
    - co się z tobą działo? what have you been doing with yourself?
    - co zrobić z tymi szmatami? what shall I do with these rags?
    - z babcią jest źle, znowu miała atak Granny’s not well, she’s had another seizure
    18 (w przysłówkach) literatura zwana z angielska science fiction literature known by the English name of science fiction
    - ubrany z niemiecka dressed in German style
    - mówił trochę z cudzoziemska he spoke with a slight foreign accent
    Ⅱ part. around, about
    - zajęło mi to z godzinę it took me around an hour
    - miał ze czterdzieści lat he was around forty
    * * *
    prep; = z
    * * *
    I.
    że1
    conj.
    1. ( wprowadza zdanie podrzędne rozwijające treść) that; ona mówi, że on nie przyjdzie she says (that) he won't come; wiem, że to niemożliwe I know (that) it's impossible.
    2. (wprowadza zdanie podrzędne wyrażające przyczynę, uzasadnienie) as, because, for; nie zrobię tego dlatego, że już ci nie wierzę I won't do it because I don't trust you anymore.
    3. ( wprowadza zdanie podrzędne wyrażające skutek) so... that; był tak zmęczony, że ledwie szedł he was so tired that he could hardly walk.
    4. ( w związkach wyrazowych) mimo że l. tyle że despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that; nadal był zdrów, tyle że się postarzał he was still in good health, except (for the fact) that he grew old.
    II.
    że2
    particle
    1. ( rozpoczyna zdanie) że też o tym nie wiedziałam! I wish I had known; że już nie wspomnę... let alone...; że tak powiem so to say, so to speak; że już nie wspomnę o X never mind X, not to mention X.
    2. ( w składzie wyrażeń o charakterze spójnikowym lub modalnym) although, nevertheless; mimo że był chory, poszedł do szkoły although he was sick he went to school, he was sick, nevertheless he went to school; omalże almost; tylko że only.
    3. (wyraża zniecierpliwienie, zdziwienie) wejdźże do come in; przestańże I wish you would stop.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > że

  • 12 before

    1. adverb
    1) (of time) vorher; zuvor

    the day before — am Tag zuvor

    long before — lange vorher od. zuvor

    you should have told me so before — das hättest du mir vorher od. früher od. eher sagen sollen

    I've seen that film before — ich habe den Film schon [einmal] gesehen

    2) (ahead in position) vor[aus]
    3) (in front) voran
    2. preposition
    1) (of time) vor (+ Dat.)

    it was [well] before my time — das war [lange] vor meiner Zeit

    before now — vorher; früher

    before Christ — vor Christus; vor Christi Geburt

    he got there before me — er war vor mir da

    before leaving, he phoned/I will phone — bevor er wegging, rief er an/bevor ich weggehe, rufe ich an

    before tax — brutto; vor [Abzug (Dat.) der] Steuern

    2) (position) vor (+ Dat.); (direction) vor (+ Akk.)

    appear before the judge — vor dem Richter erscheinen; see also academic.ru/11106/carry">carry 1. 1)

    the matter before us — das uns (Dat.) vorliegende Thema

    the task before us — die Aufgabe, die vor uns (Dat.) liegt

    4) (more important than) vor (+ Dat.)
    3. conjunction

    it'll be ages before I finish this — es wird eine Ewigkeit dauern, bis ich damit fertig bin

    * * *
    [bi'fo:] 1. preposition
    1) (earlier than: before the war; He'll come before very long.) (be-)vor
    2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) vor
    3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) vor
    2. adverb
    (earlier: I've seen you before.) vorher
    3. conjunction
    (earlier than the time when: Before I go, I must phone my parents.) bevor
    * * *
    be·fore
    [bɪˈfɔ:ʳ, AM -ˈfɔ:r]
    I. prep
    1. (at previous time to) vor + dat
    I need to go \before 2 pm ich muss vor 2 Uhr gehen
    wash your hands \before the meal wasch dir vor dem Essen die Hände
    \before leaving he said goodbye to each of them vor seiner Abfahrt verabschiedete er sich von jedem Einzelnen
    \before everything else zuallererst
    \before long in Kürze
    \before now schon früher
    \before the time zu früh
    \before one's time vorzeitig
    she has grown old \before her time sie ist vorzeitig gealtert
    to be \before one's time seiner Zeit voraus sein
    the day \before yesterday vorgestern
    the year \before last/this vorletztes/letztes Jahr
    just \before sth kurz vor etw dat
    she always buys her Christmas presents just \before Christmas sie kauft ihre Weihnachtsgeschenke immer erst kurz vor Weihnachten
    2. (in front of) vor + dat; with verbs of motion vor + akk; (encountered first) vor + dat
    the letter K comes \before L der Buchstabe K kommt vor dem L
    the patterns swam \before her eyes die Zeichen verschwammen vor ihren Augen
    there is a large sign \before the house vor dem Haus ist ein großes Schild
    the bus stop is just \before the school die Bushaltestelle befindet sich direkt vor der Schule
    3. (higher ranking) vor + dat
    many mothers put their children's needs \before their own viele Mütter stellen die Bedürfnisse ihrer Kinder über ihre eigenen
    I'd go to prison \before asking her for money ich würde eher ins Gefängnis gehen, als sie um Geld zu bitten
    for me family is \before everything die Familie geht mir über alles
    4. (in presence of) vor + dat
    he stood up \before the audience er stand vor dem Publikum auf
    it happened \before her very eyes es geschah vor ihren Augen
    5. (for examination, consideration) vor + dat
    our case is coming \before the court this week unser Fall kommt diese Woche vor Gericht
    6. (in future) vor + dat
    the task \before us die Aufgabe, vor der wir stehen
    to lie \before one vor jdm liegen
    to have sth \before one etw vor sich dat haben
    you have your whole future \before you du hast noch deine ganze Zukunft vor dir
    II. conj
    1. (at previous time) bevor
    \before you criticize me,... bevor du mich kritisierst,...
    she was waiting long \before it was time sie wartete schon lange, bevor es soweit war
    right [or just] \before... kurz bevor...
    just \before she left the house,... als sie gerade das Haus verlassen wollte,...
    but \before I knew it, she was gone doch ehe ich mich versah, war sie schon verschwunden
    2. (rather than) bevor, ehe
    \before they testified against their friends, they said they'd go to jail sie würden eher ins Gefängnis gehen, als gegen ihre Freunde auszusagen, meinten sie
    they would die \before they would cooperate with each other sie würden lieber sterben als miteinander zusammenzuarbeiten
    3. (until) bis
    it was an hour \before the police arrived es dauerte eine Stunde, bis die Polizei eintraf
    \before we got the test results back, a month had gone by wir warteten einen Monat auf die Testergebnisse
    it will be two weeks \before he arrives er wird erst in zwei Wochen eintreffen
    ▪ not \before erst wenn, nicht eher als bis
    you can't go \before you've finished du kannst erst gehen, wenn du fertig bist
    4. (so that) damit
    you must say the password at the door \before they'll let you in du musst an der Tür das Kennwort sagen, damit sie dich hineinlassen
    III. adv inv
    1. (earlier, previously) zuvor, vorher
    I have never seen that \before das habe ich noch nie gesehen
    have you been to Cologne \before? waren Sie schon einmal in Köln?
    haven't we met \before? haben wir uns nicht schon einmal gesehen?
    that has never happened \before das ist [bisher] noch nie passiert
    she has seen it all \before sie kennt das alles schon
    to be as \before wie früher sein
    life went on as \before das Leben ging wieder seinen gewohnten Gang
    \before and after davor und danach
    2. (in front) vorn
    \before and behind vorn und hinten
    IV. adj after n zuvor
    the day \before, it had rained tags zuvor hatte es geregnet
    the year \before it had been rather quiet das Vorjahr war ganz ruhig verlaufen
    read this line and the one \before lies diese Zeile und die vorhergehende [o davor]
    * * *
    [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
    1. prep
    1) (= earlier than) vor (+dat)

    the year before last/this — vorletztes/letztes Jahr, das vorletzte/letzte Jahr

    the day/time before that — der Tag/die Zeit davor

    I got/was here before you — ich war vor dir da

    to be before sb/sth — vor jdm/etw liegen

    before now — früher, eher, vorher

    2) (in order, rank) vor (+dat)

    to come before sb/sth — vor jdm/etw kommen

    before everything — die Ehre geht mir über alles, für mich ist die Ehre das Wichtigste

    3) (in position) vor (+dat); (with movement) vor (+acc)
    4) (= in the presence of) vor (+dat)

    before God/a lawyer — vor Gott/einem Anwalt

    to appear before a court/judge — vor Gericht/einem Richter erscheinen

    5)

    (= rather than) death before surrender — eher or lieber tot als sich ergeben

    2. adv
    1) (in time = before that) davor; (= at an earlier time, before now) vorher

    I have seen/read etc this before — ich habe das schon einmal gesehen/gelesen etc

    (on) the evening/day before — am Abend/Tag davor or zuvor or vorher

    (in) the month/year before — im Monat/Jahr davor

    to continue as before (person) — (so) wie vorher weitermachen

    2)

    (= ahead) to march on before — vorausmarschieren

    3) (indicating order) davor

    that chapter and the one before — dieses Kapitel und das davor

    3. conj
    1) (in time) bevor

    you can't go before this is done — du kannst erst gehen, wenn das gemacht ist

    it will be a long time before he comes back — es wird lange dauern, bis er zurückkommt

    2)

    (= rather than) he will die before he surrenders — eher will er sterben als sich geschlagen geben

    * * *
    before [bıˈfɔː(r); US auch bıˈfəʊər]
    A adv
    1. (räumlich) vorn, voran…:
    go before vorangehen
    2. (zeitlich) vorher, zuvor, vormals, früher (schon), bereits, schon:
    an hour before eine Stunde vorher oder früher;
    long before lange vorher oder zuvor;
    the year before das vorhergehende oder das vorige Jahr;
    haven’t I seen you before? habe ich Sie nicht schon einmal gesehen?;
    haven’t we met before? kennen wir uns nicht?
    B präp
    1. (räumlich) vor (akk oder dat):
    before my eyes vor meinen Augen;
    he sat before me er saß vor mir;
    the question before us die (uns) vorliegende Frage
    2. vor (dat), in Gegenwart von (oder gen):
    before witnesses vor Zeugen
    3. (zeitlich) vor (dat):
    the week before last vorletzte Woche;
    before long in Kürze, bald;
    three minutes before nine US drei Minuten vor neun; → Christ A
    4. (Reihenfolge, Rang) vor (akk oder dat):
    be before the others den anderen (in der Schule etc) voraus sein
    C konj
    1. bevor, bis, ehe:
    not before nicht früher oder eher als bis, erst als, erst wenn
    2. lieber oder eher …, als dass:
    I would die before I lied ( oder before lying) eher oder lieber will ich sterben als lügen
    bef. abk before
    * * *
    1. adverb
    1) (of time) vorher; zuvor

    long before — lange vorher od. zuvor

    you should have told me so before — das hättest du mir vorher od. früher od. eher sagen sollen

    I've seen that film before — ich habe den Film schon [einmal] gesehen

    3) (in front) voran
    2. preposition
    1) (of time) vor (+ Dat.)

    it was [well] before my time — das war [lange] vor meiner Zeit

    before now — vorher; früher

    before Christ — vor Christus; vor Christi Geburt

    before leaving, he phoned/I will phone — bevor er wegging, rief er an/bevor ich weggehe, rufe ich an

    before tax — brutto; vor [Abzug (Dat.) der] Steuern

    2) (position) vor (+ Dat.); (direction) vor (+ Akk.)

    appear before the judge — vor dem Richter erscheinen; see also carry 1. 1)

    the matter before us — das uns (Dat.) vorliegende Thema

    the task before us — die Aufgabe, die vor uns (Dat.) liegt

    4) (more important than) vor (+ Dat.)
    3. conjunction

    it'll be ages before I finish this — es wird eine Ewigkeit dauern, bis ich damit fertig bin

    * * *
    (after) tax expr.
    vor (nach)
    Abzug der Steuern ausdr. adv.
    bevor adv.
    eh adv.
    voran adv.
    vorher adv.
    vorn adv. prep.
    vor präp.

    English-german dictionary > before

  • 13 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 14 serrer

    serrer [seʀe]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
       a. ( = maintenir, presser) to grip
    • serrer qn dans ses bras/contre son cœur to clasp sb in one's arms/to one's chest
    • serrer la main à or de qn ( = la donner) to shake hands with sb ; ( = la presser) to squeeze sb's hand
       b. ( = contracter) serrer le poing/les mâchoires to clench one's fist/one's jaws
       c. ( = comprimer) to be too tight for
       d. [+ écrou, vis, ceinture, lacet, nœud] to tighten ; [+ joint] to clamp
       e. ( = se tenir près de) (par derrière) to keep close behind ; (latéralement) to squeeze ( contre up against)
       f. [+ objets alignés, lignes, mots] to put close together
    • il faudra serrer les invités, la table est petite we'll have to squeeze the guests together as the table is so small
    2. intransitive verb
    ( = obliquer) serrer à droite/gauche to move in to the right-hand/left-hand lane
    3. reflexive verb
       a. ( = se rapprocher)
    • se serrer autour de la table/du feu to squeeze round the table/the fire
       b. ( = se contracter) son cœur se serra he felt a pang of anguish
    * * *
    seʀe
    1.
    1) ( maintenir vigoureusement) [personne] to grip [volant, rame]

    serrer quelqu'un/quelque chose dans ses bras — to hug somebody/something

    2) ( ajuster) to tighten [nœud, corde]
    3) ( tenir à l'étroit) [chaussures, vêtement] to be too tight
    4) ( bloquer) to tighten [écrou, vis, boulon]; to turn [something] off tightly [robinet]

    sans serrer — [fixer, visser] loosely

    serrer le trottoir — [automobiliste] to hug the kerb GB ou curb US

    serrer à droite — [véhicule] to get ou stay in the right-hand lane

    serrer quelqu'un de près — [concurrent] to be hot on somebody's tail

    serrer un sujet de près — fig to study a subject closely

    6) ( rapprocher) to push [something] closer together [livres, tables, objets]; to squeeze [personne]

    être serré — [livres, personnes] to be packed together

    serrer les rangs — lit, fig to close ranks

    7) ( réduire) to cut [dépenses, prix]
    8) Nautisme to furl [voile]
    9) ( ranger) liter, dial to stow [something] away [objet précieux, économies]

    2.
    se serrer verbe pronominal
    1) ( se rapprocher de) [personnes] to squeeze up

    avoir la gorge qui se serre — ( d'émotion) to have a lump in one's throat; ( de peur) to have one's heart in one's mouth

    * * *
    seʀe
    1. vt
    1) (= tenir) to grip tight, to hold tight
    2) (= comprimer, coincer) to squeeze, [poings, mâchoires] to clench

    serrer les dents — to clench one's teeth, to grit one's teeth

    3) [ceinture, nœud, frein, vis] to tighten
    4) [vêtement] to be too tight for

    Ce pantalon me serre trop. — These trousers are too tight for me.

    5) (= rapprocher) [objets, chaises] to close up, to move closer together
    2. vi

    "serrer à droite" — "keep right"

    * * *
    serrer verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( maintenir vigoureusement) [personne] to grip [volant, rame]; ne serrez pas le volant, détendez-vous don't grip the steering wheel, relax; si tu serres bien la corde tu ne risqueras rien if you grip the rope tightly you'll be OK; serrer qch dans sa main to grip [sth] in one's hand [pièce, bonbon, crayon, clé]; serrer qn/qch dans ses bras to hug sb/sth; serrer qn/qch contre sa poitrine to hug sb/sth to one's chest; serrer qch entre ses cuisses/genoux to grip sth between one's thighs/knees; serrer qch entre ses dents to clench sth between one's teeth; serrer le poignet/cou de qn to squeeze sb's wrist/neck; serrer la main de or la pince○ à qn to shake hands with sb; elle a serré la main du ministre she shook hands with the minister; serrer les poings to clench one's fists; la peur me serrait la gorge my throat was constricted with fear; ça me serre le cœur de voir ça it wrings my heart to see that;
    2 ( ajuster) [personne] to tighten [corset, ceinture, nœud]; to tighten [ficelle]; serre bien tes lacets do your shoelaces up tight; tu as trop serré ton nœud de cravate your tie is too tight; serrer son peignoir autour de sa taille to pull one's dressing-gown around oneself; mon chignon n'est pas assez serré my bun is (too) loose;
    3 ( tenir à l'étroit) [chaussures, vêtement] to be too tight; mon pantalon me serre my trousers GB ou pants US are too tight; ça me serre à la taille/aux épaules/aux mollets it's too tight around my waist/across my shoulders/around my calves;
    4 ( bloquer) to tighten [écrou, vis, boulon]; to turn [sth] off tightly [robinet]; serrer une pièce dans un étau to grip a part in a vice GB ou vise US; ne serrez pas trop don't overtighten; sans serrer [fixer, visser] loosely;
    5 ( être près de) serrer le trottoir [automobiliste] to hug the kerb GB ou curb US; serrer l'accotement to drive very close to the edge of the road; serrer à droite/gauche [véhicule] to move close to the right/left of the road; serrer un cycliste contre le trottoir [voiture] to force a cyclist up against the pavement GB ou sidewalk US; serrer qn de près [concurrent] to be hot on sb's tail;
    6 ( rapprocher) to push [sth] closer together [livres, tables, objets] (contre against); to squeeze [personne] (dans in; contre against); être serré [livres, personnes] to be packed together; nous sommes trop serrés dans la cuisine there are too many of us in the kitchen; serrer les rangs lit, fig to close ranks;
    7 ( étudier en profondeur) serrer un sujet/problème de près to study a subject/problem closely;
    8 ( réduire) to cut [budget, dépenses, prix]; essayer de serrer les coûts to try to cut costs;
    9 Naut to furl [voile]; serrer le vent to sail close to the wind;
    10 liter, dial ( ranger) to stow [sth] away [objet précieux, économies].
    B se serrer vpr
    1 ( se rapprocher de) [personnes] to squeeze up (autour de around; dans in); serrez-vous pour faire de la place squeeze up to make room; ma voiture est petite, il va falloir se serrer my car is small, we'll have to squeeze up; se serrer contre qch/qn to squeeze up against sth/sb; ils se sont serrés les uns contre les autres they huddled together;
    2 ( se comprimer) se serrer dans une jupe/un pantalon to squeeze oneself into a skirt/a pair of trousers GB ou pants US; nous nous sommes serré la main we shook hands;
    3 ( se contracter) avoir le cœur qui se serre to feel deeply upset; avoir la gorge qui se serre ( d'émotion) to have a lump in one's throat; (de peur, trac) to have one's heart in one's mouth.
    serrer la pince○ or louche○ or cuiller○ à qn to shake sb's hand.
    [sere] verbe transitif
    1. [presser] to hold tight
    serrer la main ou la pince (familier) à quelqu'un to shake hands with somebody, to shake somebody's hand
    2. [suj: vêtement] to be tight
    la chaussure droite/le col me serre un peu the right shoe/the collar is a bit tight
    3. [bien fermer - nœud, lacets] to tighten, to pull tight ; [ - joint] to clamp ; [ - écrou] to tighten (up) ; [ - frein à main] to put on tight
    4. [contracter] to clench
    serrer les lèvres to set ou to tighten one's lips
    serrer les dents to clench ou to set ou to grit one's teeth
    5. [rapprocher]
    6. [suivre]
    serrer quelqu'un de près to follow close behind somebody, to follow somebody closely
    serrer le vent to sail close to ou to hug the wind
    8. (littéraire) [enfermer] to put away
    ————————
    [sere] verbe intransitif
    serrer à droite/gauche to keep to the right/left
    ————————
    se serrer verbe pronominal intransitif
    1. [se rapprocher] to squeeze up
    a. [par affection] to cuddle ou to snuggle up to somebody
    b. [pour se protéger] to huddle up against somebody
    2. [se contracter] to tighten up
    ————————
    se serrer verbe pronominal transitif

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > serrer

  • 15 set

    1. I
    1) the sun is setting солнце садится /заходит/
    2) his power has begun to set его могущество /власть/ слабеет; his star has set его звезда закатилась; his glory has set его слава померкла
    3) cement has set цемент схватился /затвердел/; the glue did not set клей не засох; the jelly has set желе застыло; blood (the white of the egg, etc.) set кровь и т.д. свернулась; the milk set молоко свернулось /створожилось/; all his muscles set все его мускулы напряглись; his face set его лицо-окаменело /застыло/
    4) young trees set молодые деревца принялись; the blossoms were abundant but they failed to set цветение было бурным, но плоды не завязались
    2. II
    1) set at some time the sun sets early (late, etc.) солнце заходит рано и т.д.; set in some manner the sun sets slowly солнце медленно садится
    3) set at some time the jelly hasn't set yet желе еще не застыло; set in some manner cement (mortar, glue, etc.) sets quickly цемент и т.д. быстро застывает /схватывается/; her hair sets easily ее волосы легко укладывать, у нее послушные волосы; his lips set stubbornly его губы упрямо сжались; his teeth set stubbornly он упрямо стиснул зубы
    3. III
    1) set smth. set a broken bone (dislocated joints, etc.) вправить кость и т.д.; set one's hair укладывать волосы; set the table накрывать на стол; set the stage расставлять декорации; set the scene подготовить обстановку; set the sails а) ставить паруса; б) отправляться в плавание; set a piano настраивать пианино; set a palette подготавливать палитру; set a razor править бритву; set a saw разводить пилу; set a clock (the hands of the watch, the alarm-clock) поставить часы; set the focus of a microscope настроить микроскоп; set a map ориентировать карту
    2) set smb., smth. set guards /sentries, watches/ расставлять часовых /караульных и т.п./; set the guard (the pickets) выставлять караул (пикеты)
    3) set smth. set the wedding day (the time, a date, a price, etc.) назначать день свадьбы и т.д.; set a fine устанавливать размер штрафа; set the course разработать /выработать/ курс; set standards (limits, a time-limit, boundaries, etc.) устанавливать нормы и т.д.; set requirements определять / вырабатывать/ требования; set a punishment наложить взыскание
    4) set smth. set an examination-paper (questions, problems, etc.) составлять письменную экзаменационную работу и т.д.; set a new style (a tone) задавать новый стиль (тон); set the fashion вводить моду; set a new model (a pattern) внедрять новый образец (покрой); set the расе задавать темп; set a record устанавливать рекорд; set a precedent создавать прецедент; set a good (bad) example подавать хороший (дурной) пример
    5) set smth. set a trap (a snare) поставить капкан (силки); set an ambush устроить засаду
    4. IV
    1) set smth. somewhere set the books back положить /поставить/ книги на место; set the chairs back отодвигать стулья; set back one's shoulders расправить плечи; the dog set its ears back собака прижала уши; set the clock (one's watch, the alarm, the hand of the watch, etc.) back one hour перевести часы /отвести часы/ на один час назад; set one's watch forward one hour поставить /перевести/ часы на один час вперед; set a house well (some distance /some way/, a fair distance, etc.) back from the road (from the street, etc.) построить /поставить/ дом вдали и т.д. от дороги и т.д.; set the book (one's knitting, the newspaper, etc.) aside отложить в сторону /отодвинуть/ книгу и т.A; set down one's load (one's suitcase, a box, etc.) опустить свой груз и т.д. (на землю)-, set the tray down поставить (на стол и т.я.) поднос; set the chair upright поднять стул; set smb. somewhere set the dogs apart растащить [дерущихся] собак; set the children apart отделять /изолировать/ детей
    2) set smb., smth. in some direction the current set them (the boat, the ship, etc.) northward (seawards, etc.) течением их и т.д. понесло к северу и т.д.
    5. V
    set smb. smth.
    1) set the boys (the students, the employees, etc.) a difficult job (an easy task, a difficult problem, the job of cleaning the yard, etc.) (заплавать мальчикам и т.д. трудную работу и т.д., set oneself a difficult task ставить перед бабой трудную задачу; set him a sum задавать ему арифметическую задачу; set one's son a goal поставить перед своим сыном цель
    2) set the children (the younger boys, youngsters, other people, etc.) a good example подавать детям и т.д. хороший пример; set smb. smth. to do smth. set smb. a standard /a pattern/ to follow служить для кого-л. образцом, которому надо следовать
    6. VI
    set smth., smb. in some state
    1) set the window (the door, the gates, etc.) open открывать /оставлять открытым/ окно и т.д.; set the door ajar приоткрывать дверь, оставить дверь полуоткрытой; set one's hat (one's tie, one's skirt, etc.) straight поправить шляпу и т.д., надеть шляпу и т.д. как следует; set the prisoners (the bird, etc.) free освобождать /выпускать на свободу, на волю/ узников и т.д.; set the dog loose спускать собаку (с цепи, с поводка и т.п.); a good night's rest will set you right за ночь вы отдохнете и снова будете хорошо себя чувствовать; why didn't you set the boy right? почему же вы не поправили мальчика?; I can soon set that right я могу это быстро уладить или исправить; set errors right исправлять ошибки; it would set him (myself) right in their eyes это оправдает его (меня) в их глазах; set things /matters/ straight /right/ уладить дела; set things ready приводить все в готовность; set smb.'s curiosity agog возбуждать чье-л. любопытство
    7. VII
    1) set smb. to do smth. set the men to chop wood (the men to saw wood, the boys to dig a field, the pupils to work at their algebra, the girl to shell peas, the pupils to sing, etc.) заставлять рабочих колоть дрова и т.д.; I set him to work at mowing the lawn я велел ему /дал ему задание/ постричь газон; я вменил ему в обязанность подстригать газон; whom did you set to do this? кому вы поручили это сделать?; I set myself to study the problem я решил взяться за изучение этого вопроса; he set himself to finish the job by the end of May он твердо решил /поставил себе целью/ закончить работу к концу мая
    2) set smth. to do smth. set a machine (a device, a mechanism, etc.) to work приводить в действие /завалять. запускать/ машину и т.д.; set the alarm clock to wake us at seven заводить будильник, чтобы он поднял нас в семь часов, поставить будильник на семь часов
    3) set smth. to do smth. set a pattern to be followed подавать пример; создавать пример для подражания
    8. VIII
    set smb., smth. doing smth. set everybody (the company, people, me, etc.) thinking (singing, running, etc.) заставить всех и т.д. (при)задуматься и т.д.; set smb. talking а) заставить кого-л. говорить, разговорить кого-л.; I set him talking about the new invention (about the discovery, about marriage, etc.) я навел его на разговор о новом изобретении и т.д.; б) дать кому-л. пищу для разговоров; this incident set people talking этот случай /инцидент/ вызвал всякие пересуды; my jokes set the whole table (the company, the audience, the boys, etc.) laughing мой шутки смешили всех за столом и т.д.; set them wondering вызвать у них удивление; the smoke set her coughing от дыма она закашлялась; who has set the dog barking? кто там прошел?, почему лает собака?; set tongues wagging вызывать толки /пересуды/, давать пищу для сплетен; the news set my heart beating эта новость заставила мое сердце забиться; it's time we set the machinery (the machine, the engine, etc.) going пора запустить механизм и т.д. /привести механизм и т.д. в действие/; when anybody entered the device set the bell ringing когда кто-нибудь входил, срабатывало устройство и звонок начинал звонить; а strong wind set the bells ringing от сильного ветра колокола зазвонили; set a top spinning запускать волчок; а false step will set stones rolling один неверный шаг set и камни покатятся вниз; set a plan going начать осуществление плана; we must set things going надо начинать действовать
    9. XI
    1) be set in (near, round, on, etc.) smth. her house is set well back in the garden (near the road, some way back from the street, on a hill, etc.) ее дом стоит а глубине сада и т.д.; а town (a country-seat, a village, etc.) is set in a woodland (on an island, north of /from/ London, etc.) город и т.д. расположен в лесистой местности и т.д.; а boundary stone is set between two fields поля разделяет межевой камень; а balcony is set round the house вокруг дома идет балкон; the second act (the scene, the play, etc.) is set in ancient Rome (in a street, in Paris, etc.) действие второго акта и т.д. происходит в древнем Риме и т.д.; а screen is set in a wall экран вделан /вмонтирован/ в стену; there was a little door set in a wall в стене была маленькая дверка; а ruby (a diamond, etc.) was set in a buckle (in a gold ring, in an earring, etc.) в пряжку и т.д. был вделан /вставлен/ рубин и т.д.; а ruby is set in gold рубин в золотой оправе /оправлен золотом/; his blue eyes are set deep in a white face на его бледном лице глубоко посажены голубые глаза; the young plants should be set at intervals of six inches эти молодые растения надо сажать на расстоянии шести дюймов [друг от друга]; be set with smth. the coast is set with modem resorts на побережье раскинулось множество современных курортов; the tops of the wall were set with broken glass верхний край стены был утыкан битым стеклом; the room is set with tables and chairs комната заставлена столами и стульями; tables were set with little sprays of blue flowers столы были украшены маленькими букетиками синих цветов: the field was set with daisies поле было усеяно маргаритками; the sky was set with stars небо было усыпано звездами; а bracelet (a ring, a crown, a sword-handle, a valuable ornament, etc.) was set with diamonds (with jewels, with gems, with rubies, with pearls, with precious stones, etc.) браслет и т.д. был украшен /усыпан/ бриллиантами и т.д.; а gold ring set with two fine pearls золотое кольцо с двумя большими жемчужинами
    3) be set on smth., smb. he (his mind, his heart) was set on it ему этого очень хотелось; his heart was set on her a) он любил лишь ее; б) все его помыслы были связаны с ней; be set on doing smth. be set on going to the stage (on coming here again, etc.) твердо решить пойти на сцену и т.д.; be set on going to the sea окончательно решить стать моряком; be set on having a motor bike (on winning, on finding him, etc.) поставить своей целью приобрести мотоцикл и т.д.; be set against smth.,smb. he is set against all reforms (against having electric light in the house, against this marriage, against the trip, etc.) он решительно [настроен] против всяких реформ и т.д.; he is set against her он и слышать о ней не хочет; be set against doing smth. he was violently set against meeting her он упорно отказывался встретиться /от встречи/ с ней /противился встрече с ней/
    4) be set on by smb. she was set on by robbers (by a lot of roughs in the dark, by a dog, etc.) на нее напали грабители и т.д.
    5) be set the table is set стол накрыт; the sails are set паруса подняты; be set for smb., smth. the table is set for six стол накрыт на шесть человек /персон/; the table is set for dinner (for lunch, etc.) стол накрыт к обеду и т.д.; be set in some state slaves (prisoners, hostages, etc.) were set free /at liberty/ рабы и т.д. были освобождены /отпущены на волю/; this must be set in order a) это надо привести в порядок; б) это надо разместить /разложить/ по порядку; the motor was set in motion включили мотор
    6) be set at some time the mortar is already set цемент уже схватился /затвердел/; the jelly is not set yet желе еще не застыло; has the type for the book been set yet? эту книгу уже набрали?; it was all set now теперь все было готово /подготовлено/; be set in some manner his lips (his jaws, his teeth) were firmly set in an effort to control himself он плотно сжал губы (челюсти, зубы), пытаясь овладеть собой; his mind and character are completely set он вполне сформировался /сложился/ как личность; be set to do smth. be set to go there быть готовым пойти туда; two pumps (machines, wheels, etc.) were set to work два насоса и т.д. были включены /приведены в действие/; be set for smth. be set for the talk (for the meeting, for the game, for the journey, etc.) быть готовым к разговору и т.д.; the scene is set for the tragedy (for the drama, for the climax, etc.) события (в книге, в пьесе и т.п.) подводят /подготавливают/ (читателя, зрителя и т.п.) к трагедии и т.д.; he was all set for a brilliant career у него были все задатки для блестящей карьеры
    7) be set over smb. he was set over people ему была дана власть над людьми; he was set over his rivals его ставили выше его соперников
    8) be set against smth. one's expenses must be set against the amount received расходы следует соразмерить с доходами; the advantages must be set against the disadvantages надо учесть все плюсы и минусы; against these gains must be set the loss of prestige оценивая эти выгоды, нельзя забывать об ущербе в связи с потерей престижа; it's no good when theory is set against practice плохо, когда теорию противопоставляют практике; when one language is set against another... когда один язык сравнивают /сопоставляют/ с другим...
    9) be set for some time the examination (the voting, his departure, etc.) is set for today (for May 2, etc.) экзамен и т.д. назначен на сегодня и т.д., the party is all set for Monday at my place решено вечеринку провести в понедельник у меня; the time and date of the meeting have not yet been set дата и время собрания еще не установлены; be set by smth., smb. rules (standards, terms, fees, etc.) are set by a committee (by the law, by the headmaster, etc.) правила и т.д. устанавливаются комиссией и т.д.
    10) be set the list of questions is set список вопросов /вопросник/ составлен; be set for smth. what subjects have been set for the examination next year? какие предметы включены в экзамен на будущий год? || be set to music быть положенным на музыку
    11) be set in smth. the editorial was set in boldface type передовая была набрана жирным шрифтом
    10. XII
    have smth. set we have everything set у нас все готово /подготовлено/; the ship has her sails set корабль поднял паруса; have a place set for a guest поставить прибор для гостя
    11. XIII
    set to do smth. set to dig the garden (to write letters, etc.) начать вскапывать сад и т.д.; the engineers set to repair the bridge инженеры приступили к ремонту моста
    12. XVI
    1) set behind (in, on, etc.) smth. the sun sets behind the western range of mountains солнце садится за горной грядой на западе; the sun sets in the sea солнце садится в море; the sun never sets on our country над нашей страной никогда не заходит солнце; set at (in) smth. the sun sets at five o'clock (in the evening, etc.) солнце заходит в пять часов и т.д.
    2) set against (to, from, etc.) smth. set against the wind (against the current) двигаться, направляться (идти, плыть и т.п.) против ветра (против течения); set against the tide идти против прилива; the wind sets from the south (from the west, from the north-east, etc.) ветер дует с юга и т.д.: the current sets to the west (to the south, through the channel, through the straits, etc.) течение идет на запад и т.д.; the tide has set in his favour ему начинает везти
    3) set against (with) smth., smb. public opinion is setting against this proposal (against this plan, against his visit, against him, etc.) общественное мнение складывается не в пользу этого предложения и т.д.; circumstances were setting with our plan (with him, etc.) обстоятельства складывались благоприятно для осуществления нашего плана и т.д.
    4) set about (upon, on, to) smth. set about the study of mineralogy (about the composition, about it, about one's washing, about one's work, etc.) приниматься /браться/ за изучение минералогии и т.д.; I don't know how to set about this job не знаю, как приступить /как подступиться/ к этой работе; they set upon the task unwillingly они неохотно взялись за выполнение этой задачи; set to work in earnest, set seriously to work серьезно браться за работу; set to work on the problem приняться за работу над этой проблемой; set to work on one's studies начать заниматься, приняться за учение
    5) set up (on) smb. set upon the enemy атаковать противника; а gang of ruffians set on him на него напала шайка хулиганов; they set upon him with blows они набросились на него с кулаками; they set upon us with arguments они обрушились на нас со своими доводами; set about /at/ smb. coll. set about the boys (about the stranger, about the supporters of the other team, at the bully, etc.) набрасываться /налетать, наскакивать/ на мальчишек и т.д.; they set about each other at once они сразу же сцепились друг с другом /начали колошматить друг друга/; I'd set about you myself if I could я бы сам отколотил тебя, если бы мог; I'd set about him with a stick (with the butt of the spade, etc.) if we have any trouble если что [не так], я стукну его палкой и т.д.
    6) set in smth. cement soon sets in dry weather (in the cold, in the sun, etc.) в сухую погоду /когда сухо,/ и т.д. цемент быстро затвердевает /застывает/
    13. XVII
    set about (to) doing smth. set about getting dinner ready (about tidying up the room, about doing one's lessons, about stamp-collecting, late.) приниматься за обед /за приготовление обеда/ и т.д.; I must. set about my packing мне надо [начать] укладываться; he asked me how lie should set about learning German он спросил меня, с чего ему начать изучение немецкого языка; set to arguing (to fighting, to quarrelling. etc.) начинать /приниматься/ спорить и т.д.; they set to packing они стали упаковываться
    14. XXI1
    1) set smth., smb. on (at, against, in, before, for, etc.) smth., smb. set dishes (a lamp, one's glass, etc.) on the table поставить тарелки и т.д. на стол; set a place for the guest поставить прибор для гостя; set food and drink (wine and nuts, meat, a dish, etc.) before guests (before travellers, etc.) поставить еду и напитки и т.д. перед гостями и т.д.; set a table by the window (an armchair before a desk, a floor-lamp beside an armchair, etc.) поставить стол у окна и т.д.; set chairs around (at) a table расставлять стулья вокруг (у) стола; set a ladder (a bicycle, a stick, etc.) against a wall прислонить /приставить/ лестницу и т.д. к стене; set one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку кому-л. на плечо; set a hand against the door опереться рукой о дверь; set smb. on his feet поставить кого-л. на ноги
    2) set smth., smb. in (by, on, upon, etc.) smth. set things in their place again вернуть /положить/ вещи на место; set flowers in the water (in a vase, etc.) поставить цветы в воду и т.д.; set glass in a window вставлять стекло в окно; set lamps in 'walls вделывать светильники в стены; set one's foot in the stirrup вставить ногу в стремя; set the stake in the ground вкопать столб в землю; set a pearl (a jewel, a diamond, etc.) in gold оправлять жемчужину и т.д. в золото; set smb. by the fire усадить кого-л. у огня: set a child in a high chair посадить ребенка ка высокий стул; set smb. in the dock посадить кого-л. на скамью подсудимых; set a wheel on an axle насадить колесо на ось: set a hen on eggs, set eggs under a hen посадить курицу на яйца; set a boy on horseback подсадить мальчика на лошадь; set smb. on the pedestal поставить /возвести/ кого-л. на пьедестал; set troops on shore высадить войска [на берег]; set one's foot oil a step поставить ногу на ступеньку; set foot on shore ступить на берег; I'll never set foot on your threshold я никогда не переступлю порог вашего дома; set a crown on his head возложить на него корону; set a king on the throne посадить короля на трон; set a kiss upon smb.'s hand приложиться к чьей-л. руке; set smth. with smth. set the top of the wall with broken glass утыкать верхнюю часть стены битым стеклом; set this bed with tulips (with geraniums, etc.) засадить эту клумбу тюльпанами и т.д. || set eyes on smb., smth. увидеть кого-л что-л., I never set eyes on him before today до сегодняшнего дня я его в глаза не видел; that child wants everything he sets his eyes on этому ребенку вынь, да положь все, что он видит
    3) set smth. to smth. set a glass (a trumpet, etc.) to one's lips, set one's lips to a glass (to a trumpet, etc.) подносить стакан и т.д. к губам /ко рту/; set a match (a lighter) to a cigarette (to old papers, to a fire, etc.) подносить спичку (зажигалку) к сигарете и т.д.; set one's shoulder to the door налечь плечом на дверь; set spurs to a horse пришпорить лошадь
    4) set smb. across smth. set him across the river переправлять его через реку /на другой берег/; set a child across the street перевести ребенка на другую сторону улицы /через улицу/; set smth. by smth. set a ship by the compass вести корабль по компасу; set smth. against (to ward(s), to) smth. set the boat against the wind (against the current) направлять лодку против ветра и т.д.; set one's course to the south направляться на юг; set one's face toward the east (toward home, towards the sun, etc.) повернуться лицом к востоку и т.д.; set smb. after (at, on, etc.) smb., smth. set the police (detectives, etc.) after /on the track of/ the criminal (on her, after the spies, etc.) направлять полицию и т.д. по следу преступника и т.д.; set the boys on the wrong (right) track направлять мальчишек по ложному (по правильному) следу; set a dog at a hare (at a fox, at a bull, at his heels, etc.) пустить собаку по следу зайца и т.д.; set dogs on a stranger (on a trespasser, on thieves, etc.) спустить собак на незнакомца и т.д. || set sail for India отплывать /направляться/ в Индию
    5) set smb. against (on, to, etc.) smb., smth. set people against each other (a friend against another, everyone against him, etc.) настраивать людей друг против друга и т.д.; he is trying to set you against me он старается восстановить вас против меня; set oneself against the proposal (against the scheme, against the decision, against his nomination, against him, etc.) был настроенным /выступать/ против этого предложения и т.д.; set the crowd on acts of violence (the crew to mutiny, soldiers to violence, people to robbery, etc.) подстрекать толпу на совершение актов насилия /к насилию/ и т.д.; set smth. against smth. set one thing against another противопоставлять одно другому; set one language against another сопоставлять /сравнивать/ один язык с другим; set smth. on smth. set one's heart /one's mind/ on the trip твердо настроиться на эту поездку; set one's heart on a new dress (on a new car, etc.) жаждать /очень хотеть/ купить новое платье и т.д.; he set his thoughts on the plan все его помыслы направлены на осуществление этого плана || set him at odds with his friends рассорить его с друзьями
    6) set smb., smth. to smth. set the class (the boys, him, etc.) to work (to a task, to sums, to dictation, etc.) засадить класс и т.д. за работу и т.д.; set one's mind /one's wits/ to a question (to a task, to a job, etc.) сосредоточиться на каком-л. вопросе и т.д.; you won't find the work difficult if only you set your mind to it если вы серьезно возьметесь за дело, работа не покажется вам трудной; set one's hand to the work (to the task, to the plough, etc.) взяться за работу и т.д.; he set himself resolutely to the task он решительно взялся за выполнение задачи; set а реп to' paper начать писать, взяться за перо; set smth. before smb. set a task (an object) before him поставить перед ним задачу
    7) set smth., smb. т (on, at, to) smth. set one's affairs (one's papers, one's house, a room, etc.) in order /to rights/ приводить свои дела и т.д. в порядок; set a machine in motion запустить машину; set the project in motion начинать работу над объектом; set the machinery of the government in motion приводить государственную машину в движение; set a chain reaction in motion вызвать цепную реакцию; his jokes set the audience (the table, the whole room, etc.) in a roar от его шуток вся аудитория и т.д. покатывалась со смеху; set smb. on his guard настораживать кого-л.; set smb. (smb.'s guests, the boy, smb.'s mind, etc.) at ease успокаивать кого-л. и т.д.; he set the girl at ease с ним девушке стало легко /девушка почувствовала себя свободно/; а host should try and set his guests at ease хозяин должен стараться, чтобы его гости чувствовали себя свободно /как дома/: now you may set your mind at ease теперь вы можете перестать волноваться /не волноваться/; set a question (the affair, the matter, etc.) at rest разрешить /урегулировать/ вопрос и т.д.; that sets all my doubts at rest это рассеивает все мои сомнения; set prisoners at liberty освобождать заключенных
    8) set smth. for smth. set the table for dinner (for five people, for two, etc.) накрыть стол к обеду и т.д.; set the stage for the next scene in a play подготовить сцену для следующей картины [в пьесе]; set the scene for talks подготовить условия /создать благоприятную обстановку/ для переговоров; set smth. by smth. set one's watch by the radio timesignal (by the town clock, by the clock in the library, by mine, etc.) ставить /сверять/ часы по радиосигналу и т.д.; set smth. to (for, at) smth. set the clock (the hands of the clock) to the correct time (to the proper hour of the day, etc.) точно поставить часы и т.д.; set the alarm for 5 o'clock (the camera lens to infinity, a thermostat at 70°, etc.) поставить будильник на пять часов и т.д.
    9) set smb., smth. at (in, он, etc.) smth. set a guard (a sentry, etc.) at the door (at the gate, at the corner of the street, in the nearest village, on the hill, etc.) поставить сторожа /часового/ и т.д. у дверей и т.д.; set pickets around the camp выставлять дозорных вокруг лагеря
    10) set smb., smth. over (before, among, etc.) smb., smth. set him over others (a supervisor over the new workers, etc.) назначать его начальником над остальными и т.д.; set Vergil before Homer отдавать предпочтение Вергилию перед Гомером, ставить Вергилия выше Гомера; set the author among the greatest writers of today (the painter among the best artists of the world, the team among the strongest teams of Europe, etc.) считать автора одним из крупнейших писателей современности и т.д.; set duty before pleasure ставить долг выше удовольствий /на первое место/; set honesty above everything (diamonds above rubies, etc.) ценить честность превыше всего и т.д., his intelligence (his talent, his character, etc.) sets him apart from others (from ordinary people, from the normal run of people, etc.) его ум и т.д. выделяют его среди других и т.д.; her bright red hair sets her apart from her sisters из всех сестер у нее одной были ярко-рыжие волосы
    11) set smth. at smth. set the price (the value of the canvas, etc.) at t 1000 оценить / назначить, определить цену/ и т.д. в тысячу фунтов; set bail at i 500 установить сумму залога в пятьсот фунтов; set neatness at a high value очень ценить аккуратность, придавать большое значение опрятности; set smth. for smth. set a time for a meeting назначать время собрания; set the rules for a contest вырабатывать правила состязания; set the lesson for tomorrow задавать урок на завтра; set smth. to /for /smth. set limits to smb.'s power (to his extravagance, to his demands, etc.) ограничивать чью-л. власть и т.д., устанавливать предел чьей-л. власти и т.д.; he sets no limit to his ambition его честолюбие не знает предела; set a time-limit for examination установить продолжительность экзамена; set a time-limit for debates установить регламент для выступления в прениях; set a record for the mile устанавливать рекорд в беге на одну милю; set an end to it положить этому конец; set smth. on smth., smb. set a high value on life (on punctuality, etc.) высоко ценить жизнь и т.д.; set a punishment on smb. налагать наказание на кого-л., определять кому-л. меру наказания; set a price on smb.'s head /on smb.'s life/ назначить награду за чью-л. голову /за чью-л. жизнь/; set smth. at some time set the death of the man at midnight установить, что смерть этого человека наступила в полночь || set much store by smth. придавать большее значение чему-л.; set much store by social position (by daily exercise, by what the neighbours say, by the opinion of people like him, etc.) придавать большое значение общественному положению и т.д.
    12) set smth. for (in, to, etc.) smth. set papers for the examination составлять экзаменационные работы; set new questions (problems, etc.) in an examination подготовить новые вопросы и т.д. для экзамена; set the words (this poem, etc.) to music положить эти слова и т.д. на музыку; set new words to an old tune сочинить новые слова на старый мотив; set Othello to music а) написать музыку к "Отелло"; б) написать /сочинить/ оперу "Отелло"; set a piece of music for the violin переложить музыкальное произведение для скрипки
    13) set smth. before smb. set a plan (facts, one's theory, one's proposals, etc.) before the council (before the chief, before experts, etc.) изложить совету /представить на рассмотрение совета/ и т.д. план и т.д.
    14) set smth. to smth. set one's name /one's signature, one's hand/ to a document подписать документ; set a seal to the decree скрепить указ печатью; set smth. on smth. set a veto on smth. накладывать запрет на что-л.
    15) set smth. on (in) smth., smb. set one's life on a chance рисковать жизнью в надежде на удачу; set one's future on a chance строить планы на будущее в расчете на счастливое стечение обстоятельств; set hopes on a chance (on him, on his uncle, etc.) надеяться /возлагать надежды/ на случай и т.д.
    16) set smth. for smb. set a snare for a fox поставить капкан на лису; set poison for rats разложить отраву для крыс
    17) set smth. for smth. set milk for cheese ставить молоко на творог, створаживать молоко
    18) || set fire to a house (to a barn, etc.) поджигать дом и т.д.; set the woods (a woodpile, etc.) on fire поджигать лес и т.д.
    15. XXII
    1) set smth. on doing smth. set one's heart /one's hopes, one's mind, one's thoughts/ on becoming an engineer (on going with us, on going abroad, etc.) очень хотеть /стремиться/ стать инженером и т.д.; I set my heart on going today я решил ехать сегодня; he sets his hopes on getting on in life он очень надеется преуспеть в жизни /добиться в жизни успеха/; if he once sets his mind on doing something it takes a lot to dissuade him если он настроился на что-либо, его очень трудно отговорить
    2) set smb. to doing smth. set him to woodchopping поставить его на колку дров, заставить его колоть дрова; set her to thinking заставить ее задуматься; set a child to crying довести ребенка до слез; he set himself to amusing me он изо всех сил старался развлечь меня
    16. XXIV1
    set smth. as smth. set education (money, revenge, etc.) as one's goal /as one's aim, as one's object, as one's purpose, as one's task/ поставить себе целью получить образование в т.д.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > set

  • 16 close

    1. adjective
    1) (near in space) dicht; nahe

    be close to something — nahe bei od. an etwas (Dat.) sein

    you're too close to the fire — du bist zu dicht od. nah am Feuer

    I wish we lived closer to your parents — ich wünschte, wir würden näher bei deinen Eltern wohnen

    be close to tears/breaking point — den Tränen/einem Zusammenbruch nahe sein

    at close quarters, the building looked less impressive — aus der Nähe betrachtet, wirkte das Gebäude weniger imposant

    at close range — aus kurzer Entfernung

    2) (near in time) nahe (to an + Dat.)
    3) eng [Freund, Freundschaft, Beziehung, Zusammenarbeit, Verbindung]; nahe [Verwandte, Bekanntschaft]

    be/become close to somebody — jemandem nahe stehen/nahekommen

    4) (rigorous, painstaking) eingehend, genau [Untersuchung, Prüfung, Befragung usw.]
    5) (stifling) stickig [Luft, Raum]; drückend, schwül [Wetter]
    6) (nearly equal) hart [[Wett]kampf, Spiel]; knapp [Ergebnis]

    that was a close call or shave or thing — (coll.) das war knapp!

    7) (nearly matching) wortgetreu [Übersetzung]; getreu, genau [Imitation, Kopie]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]
    8) eng [Schrift]
    2. adverb
    1) (near) nah[e]

    be close at hand — in Reichweite sein

    close by — in der Nähe

    close on 60 years — fast 60 Jahre

    close on 2 o'clock — kurz vor 2 [Uhr]

    close to somebody/something — nahe bei jemandem/etwas

    don't stand so close to the edge of the cliff — stell dich nicht so nah od. dicht an den Rand des Kliffs

    it brought them closer together — (fig.) es brachte sie einander näher

    be/come close to tears — den Tränen nahe sein

    2) fest [schließen]; genau [hinsehen]
    3. transitive verb
    1) (shut) schließen, (ugs.) zumachen [Augen, Tür, Fenster, Geschäft]; zuziehen [Vorhang]; (declare shut) schließen [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik, Betrieb, Werk, Zeche]; stilllegen [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche, Bahnlinie]; sperren [Straße, Brücke]
    2) (conclude) schließen, beenden [Besprechung, Rede, Diskussion]; schließen [Versammlung, Sitzung]
    3) (make smaller) schließen (auch fig.) [Lücke]
    4. intransitive verb
    1) (shut) sich schließen; [Tür:] zugehen (ugs.), sich schließen

    the door/lid doesn't close properly — die Tür/der Deckel schließt nicht richtig

    2) [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik:] schließen, (ugs.) zumachen; (permanently) [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche:] geschlossen od. stillgelegt werden; [Geschäft:] geschlossen werden, (ugs.) zumachen
    3) (come to an end) zu Ende gehen; enden; (finish speaking) schließen
    5. noun
    1) no pl. Ende, das; Schluss, der

    come or draw to a close — zu Ende gehen

    bring or draw something to a close — einer Sache (Dat.) ein Ende bereiten; etwas zu Ende bringen

    2) (cul-de-sac) Sackgasse, die
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/13537/close_down">close down
    * * *
    I 1. [kləus] adverb
    1) (near in time, place etc: He stood close to his mother; Follow close behind.) nahe
    2) (tightly; neatly: a close-fitting dress.) eng
    2. adjective
    1) (near in relationship: a close friend.) vertraut
    2) (having a narrow difference between winner and loser: a close contest; The result was close.) knapp
    3) (thorough: a close examination of the facts; Keep a close watch on him.) genau
    4) (tight: a close fit.) eng
    5) (without fresh air: a close atmosphere; The weather was close and thundery.) schwül
    6) (mean: He's very close (with his money).) geizig
    7) (secretive: They're keeping very close about the business.) verschwiegen
    •
    - closely
    - closeness
    - close call/shave
    - close-set
    - close-up
    - close at hand
    - close on
    - close to     II 1. [kləuz] verb
    1) (to make or become shut, often by bringing together two parts so as to cover an opening: The baby closed his eyes; Close the door; The shops close on Sundays.) schließen
    2) (to finish; to come or bring to an end: The meeting closed with everyone in agreement.) enden
    3) (to complete or settle (a business deal).) abschließen
    2. noun
    (a stop, end or finish: the close of day; towards the close of the nineteenth century.) das Ende
    - close down
    - close up
    * * *
    close1
    [kləʊs, AM kloʊs]
    I. adj usu pred
    1. (short distance) nah[e]
    let's go to the \closest pub lasst uns in das nächste Pub gehen!
    ▪ to be \close to sth in der Nähe einer S. gen liegen
    our guest-house was \close to the sea unsere Pension war nicht weit vom Meer entfernt
    \close combat Nahkampf m
    \close to the ground dicht über dem Boden
    in \close proximity in unmittelbarer Nähe
    at \close quarters aus der Nähe [betrachtet]
    at \close range aus kurzer Entfernung
    \close together nahe [o dicht] beieinander
    to be \close to exhaustion total erschöpft sein
    to be \close to perfection so gut wie perfekt sein
    to be \close to tears den Tränen nahe sein
    3. (near in time) nahe [bevorstehend]
    it's \close to Christmas Weihnachten steht vor der Tür
    war is \close ein Krieg steht unmittelbar bevor
    \close together nahe [o dicht] beieinander
    ▪ to be \close to sb jdm [sehr] nahestehen
    my brother and I have always been very \close mein Bruder und ich standen uns schon immer sehr nahe
    ... because of their \close links with terrorist groups... wegen ihrer engen Verbindung zu Terrorgruppen
    \close bond enges Band
    \close co-operation enge Zusammenarbeit
    just \close family nur die nächsten Verwandten
    \close friend enger Freund/enge Freundin
    \close friendship enge Freundschaft
    \close links eine enge Verbindung
    \close relatives nahe Verwandte
    5. (little space between) eng
    \close handwriting enge Schrift
    ten pages of \close print zehn eng bedruckte Seiten
    \close ranks geschlossene Reihen
    \close weave dichtes Gewebe
    6. ( fig: dense)
    \close argument stichhaltiges Argument
    \close reasoning geschlossene Argumentation
    7. (almost equal) knapp
    the race is going to be a \close contest das wird ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen!
    the election was too \close to call der Ausgang der Wahl war völlig offen
    \close race Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen nt
    8. (similar)
    to be the \closest equivalent to sth etw dat am nächsten kommen
    \close resemblance große Ähnlichkeit
    to bear a \close resemblance to sb/sth jdm/etw sehr ähnlich sehen/sein
    9. (exact) genau
    to pay \close attention to sb jdm gut zuhören
    to pay \close attention to sth genau auf etw akk achten
    to keep a \close eye on sth etw gut im Auge behalten
    10. (secret) verschwiegen
    she's very \close about her relationship was ihre Beziehung angeht, ist sie sehr verschwiegen
    \close secret großes Geheimnis
    11. (airless, stifling) schwül; (in room) stickig
    12. (mean) knauserig pej
    \close to [or on] ... nahezu..., fast...
    \close to midnight kurz vor Mitternacht
    14. LING
    \close vowel geschlossener Vokal
    15.
    ▶ to be \close to the bone der Wahrheit ziemlich nahekommen
    ▶ that was a \close call! das war knapp!
    ▶ that was too \close for comfort! das ging gerade nochmal gut!; (distance)
    she lives too \close for comfort sie wohnt näher als ihr lieb ist
    ▶ to hold [or keep] one's cards \close to one's chest sich dat nicht in die Karten sehen lassen
    ▶ that was a \close shave! das war knapp! fam
    ▶ to have had a \close shave gerade noch davongekommen sein
    II. adv (near in location) nahe; (near in time) nahe [bevorstehend]
    please come \closer kommen Sie doch näher!
    the election is getting \close die Wahlen stehen unmittelbar vor der Tür
    she came \close to getting that job fast hätte sie die Stelle bekommen
    to come \close to blows beinahe handgreiflich werden
    to be \close at hand person in Reichweite sein; event unmittelbar bevorstehen
    to come \close to tears den Tränen nahekommen
    to come \close to the truth der Wahrheit [ziemlich] nahekommen
    to get \close to sb/sth jdm/etw nahekommen
    to hold sb \close jdn fest an sich drücken
    on looking \closer bei genauerem Hinsehen
    ▪ \close by in der Nähe
    the little child stood \close by his mother das kleine Kind stand dicht bei seiner Mutter
    ▪ from \close up aus der Nähe
    ▪ \close together dicht beieinander
    please stand \closer together können Sie vielleicht noch ein bisschen aufrücken?
    these appointments are too \close together diese Termine liegen einfach zu dicht aufeinander
    ▶ to sail \close to the wind sich akk hart an der Grenze des Erlaubten bewegen
    III. vi
    1. (move nearer)
    ▪ to \close on sb/an animal sich akk jdm/einem Tier [bedrohlich] nähern
    2. STOCKEX (reach a price)
    shares \closed at 15 dollars die Aktien erreichten eine Schlussnotierung von 15 Dollar
    IV. n BRIT Hof m; (in street names) Straßenname für Sackgassen; (around cathedral) Domhof m; SCOT schmaler, meist offener Durchgang oder Hof
    close2
    [kləʊz, AM kloʊz]
    I. vt
    ▪ to \close sth etw schließen
    to \close a book ein Buch zumachen
    to \close a company/factory/shop einen Betrieb/eine Fabrik/einen Laden schließen
    to \close the curtains die Vorhänge zuziehen
    to \close the door/one's mouth/the window die Tür/seinen Mund/das Fenster zumachen
    to \close one's ears ( fig) sich akk taub stellen
    to \close one's eyes seine Augen zumachen [o schließen]
    to \close one's eyes to sth ( fig) die Augen vor etw dat verschließen
    to \close a plant/railway line ein Werk/eine Bahnstrecke stilllegen
    to \close ranks die Reihen schließen
    the party has \closed ranks on the issue die Partei nimmt dem Thema gegenüber eine geschlossene Stellung ein
    to \close a road eine Straße sperren; ECON, FIN
    to \close an account ein Konto auflösen
    2. (bring to an end)
    the matter is \closed der Fall ist abgeschlossen
    the performance was \closed with ‘Auld Lang Syne’ die Aufführung endete mit dem Lied ‚Auld Lang Syne‘
    to \close a bank account ein Konto auflösen
    to \close a case LAW einen Fall abschließen
    case \closed also LAW der Fall ist abgeschlossen
    to \close a deal einen Handel [ab]schließen
    to \close a discussion eine Diskussion beenden
    let's \close this discussion with a brief summary lassen Sie mich diese Diskussion mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung abschließen
    to \close a meeting eine Besprechung beenden
    ▪ to \close sth etw schließen
    to \close the gap between x and y die Kluft zwischen x und y überwinden
    4. ELEC
    to \close a circuit einen Stromkreis schließen
    to \close a file eine Datei zumachen [o schließen
    6.
    ▶ to \close the stable door after the horse has bolted den Brunnen erst zudecken, wenn das Kind hineingefallen ist prov
    II. vi
    1. (shut) wound sich schließen; door, window, lid zugehen; shop, bank schließen
    her eyes \closed in tiredness vor Müdigkeit fielen ihr die Augen zu
    this box doesn't \close properly diese Kiste geht nicht richtig zu
    2. (shut down) schließen; shop zumachen; factory also stilllegen
    3. (end) zu Ende gehen; meeting schließen; play abgesetzt werden; STOCKEX
    the pound \closed at $1.62 das Pfund schloss mit 1,62 Dollar
    4. (approach) sich akk nähern
    the tanks \closed to within 50 metres of the frontline die Panzer kamen bis auf 50 Meter an die Front heran
    III. n
    1. no pl (end) Ende nt, Schluss m
    to bring [or draw] sth to a \close etw beenden
    to come to a \close zu Ende gehen, enden
    to draw to a \close sich dem Ende zuneigen
    at the \close of business bei Geschäftsschluss
    at the \close of trading bei Börsenschluss
    2. STOCKEX Börsenschluss m
    by the \close bei Börsenschluss
    3. (in cricket)
    4. MUS Kadenz f
    * * *
    I [kləʊs]
    1. adj (+er)
    1) (= near) nahe (
    to +gen), in der Nähe ( to +gen, von) to +gen )

    at close quarters —

    he chose the closest cake — er nahm den Kuchen, der am nächsten lag

    we use this pub because it's close/the closest — wir gehen in dieses Lokal, weil es in der Nähe/am nächsten ist

    2) (in time) nahe (bevorstehend)

    nobody realized how close a nuclear war was — es war niemandem klar, wie nahe ein Atomkrieg bevorstand

    3) (fig) friend, co-operation, connection etc eng; relative nahe; resemblance groß, stark

    they were very close (to each other) — sie waren or standen sich or einander (geh) sehr nahe

    4) (= not spread out) handwriting, print eng; ranks dicht, geschlossen; (fig) argument lückenlos, stichhaltig; reasoning, game geschlossen
    5) (= exact, painstaking) examination, study eingehend, genau; translation originalgetreu; watch streng, scharf

    you have to pay very close attention to the traffic signs —

    to keep a close lookout for sb/sth — scharf nach jdm/etw Ausschau halten

    6) (= stuffy) schwül; (indoors) stickig
    7) (= almost equal) fight, result knapp

    a close election — ein Kopf-an-Kopf-Rennen nt, eine Wahl mit knappem Ausgang

    the vote/election was too close to call — der Ausgang der Abstimmung/Wahl war völlig offen

    8)

    close on sixty/midnight — an die sechzig/kurz vor Mitternacht

    2. adv (+er)
    nahe; (spatially also) dicht

    close to the water/ground —

    the closer the exams came the more nervous he got —

    this pattern comes close/closest to the sort of thing we wanted — dieses Muster kommt dem, was wir uns vorgestellt haben, nahe/am nächsten

    if you get too close up... — wenn du zu nahe herangehst...

    3. n
    (in street names) Hof m; (of cathedral etc) Domhof m; (Scot = outside passage) offener Hausflur II [kləʊz]
    1. vt
    1) (= shut) schließen; eyes, door, shop, window, curtains also zumachen; (permanently) business, shop etc schließen; factory stilllegen; (= block) opening etc verschließen; road sperren

    "closed" — "geschlossen"

    sorry, we're closed — tut uns leid, wir haben geschlossen or zu

    to close one's eyes/ears to sth — sich einer Sache gegenüber blind/taub stellen

    to close the gap between... — die Diskrepanz zwischen... beseitigen

    2) (= bring to an end) church service, meeting schließen, beenden; affair, discussion also abschließen; bank account etc auflösen; sale abschließen
    3) (ELEC) circuit schließen
    2. vi
    1) (= shut, come together) sich schließen; (door, window, box, lid, eyes, wound also) zugehen; (= can be shut) schließen, zugehen; (shop, factory) schließen, zumachen; (factory permanently) stillgelegt werden

    his eyes closed — die Augen fielen ihm zu; (in death) seine Augen schlossen sich

    2) (= come to an end) schließen; (tourist season) aufhören, enden, zu Ende gehen; (THEAT, play) auslaufen
    3) (= approach) sich nähern, näher kommen; (boxers etc) aufeinander losgehen
    4) (COMM: accept offer) abschließen, zu einem Abschluss kommen

    the shares closed at £5 — die Aktien erreichten eine Schlussnotierung von £ 5

    3. n
    Ende nt, Schluss m

    to come to a close — enden, aufhören, zu Ende gehen

    to draw to a close — sich dem Ende nähern, dem Ende zugehen

    to draw or bring sth to a close —

    at/towards (Brit) or toward (US) the close of (the) day — am/gegen Ende des Tages

    * * *
    A adj [kləʊs] (adv → closely)
    1. ver-, geschlossen, (nur präd) zu
    2. obs von Mauern etc umgeben
    3. zurückgezogen, abgeschieden
    4. verborgen, geheim
    5. dumpf, schwül, stickig, drückend
    6. fig verschlossen, verschwiegen, zurückhaltend
    7. geizig, knaus(e)rig
    8. knapp, beschränkt:
    money is close das Geld ist knapp
    9. nicht zugänglich, nicht öffentlich, geschlossen
    10. dicht, fest (Gewebe etc)
    11. eng, (dicht) gedrängt:
    close handwriting enge Schrift
    12. knapp, kurz, bündig (Stil etc)
    13. kurz (Haar)
    14. eng (anliegend) (Kleid etc)
    15. (wort)getreu, genau (Übersetzung)
    16. stark (Ähnlichkeit)
    17. nah, dicht:
    close combat MIL Nahkampf m;
    close fight Handgemenge n, weitS. zähes Ringen, harter Kampf;
    close together dicht beieinander;
    a) nahe oder dicht bei,
    b) (zeitlich) dicht vor (dat), nahe (dat),
    c) fig (jemandem) nahestehend, vertraut mit,
    d) fig eng verwandt oder verbunden mit;
    this subject is very close to me dieses Thema liegt mir sehr am Herzen;
    close to tears den Tränen nahe;
    a speed close to that of sound eine Geschwindigkeit, die dicht an die Schallgrenze herankommt; → bone1 A 1, proximity, range A 5
    18. eng (Freunde):
    he was a close friend of mine, we were close friends wir waren eng befreundet
    19. nah (Verwandte)
    20. fig knapp:
    21. fig scharf, hart, knapp:
    close victory knapper Sieg;
    close election knapper Wahlausgang;
    close finish scharfer Endkampf
    22. gespannt (Aufmerksamkeit)
    23. gründlich, eingehend, scharf, genau:
    close investigation gründliche oder eingehende Untersuchung;
    close observer scharfer Beobachter;
    close questioning strenges Verhör; → inspection 1
    24. streng, scharf:
    close arrest strenge Haft;
    close prisoner streng bewachter Gefangener;
    in close custody unter scharfer Bewachung;
    keep a close watch on scharf im Auge behalten (akk)
    25. streng, logisch, lückenlos (Beweisführung etc)
    26. LING geschlossen (Laut etc): → punctuation 1
    27. MUS eng:
    close harmony enger Satz
    B adv [kləʊs] eng, nahe, dicht:
    a) nahe oder dicht dabei, ganz in der Nähe,
    b) nahe oder dicht bei, neben (dat);
    close at hand nahe bevorstehend;
    close on two hundred fast oder annähernd zweihundert;
    fly close to the ground dicht am Boden fliegen;
    come close to fig dicht herankommen oder -reichen an (akk), fast … sein;
    cut close ganz kurz schneiden;
    keep close in der Nähe bleiben;
    lie ( oder keep) close sich verborgen halten;
    press sb close jemanden hart bedrängen;
    run sb close jemandem dicht auf den Fersen sein;
    if you look closer wenn du näher oder genauer hinsiehst; → wind1 A 1
    C s [kləʊz]
    1. (Ab)Schluss m, Ende n:
    bring to a close eine Versammlung etc beenden;
    come ( oder draw) to a close zu Ende gehen
    2. Schlusswort n
    3. Briefschluss m
    4. MUS Kadenz f, Schluss(fall) m
    5. Handgemenge n, Kampf m
    6. [kləʊs] Br
    a) Einfriedung f, Hof m (einer Kirche, Schule etc)
    b) Gehege n
    c) JUR (eingefriedetes) Grundstück: → breach Bes Redew
    7. [kləʊs] Br (kurze, umbaute) Sackgasse
    8. [kləʊs] schott Hausdurchgang m zum Hof
    D v/t [kləʊz]
    1. (ab-, ver-, zu)schließen, zumachen, COMPUT eine Datei etc schließen: → closed, door Bes Redew, eye A 1, gap 6, heart Bes Redew, mind A 2, rank1 A 7
    2. ein Loch etc verstopfen
    3. a) einen Betrieb, die Schule etc schließen
    b) they had their ground closed for two games SPORT sie bekamen eine Platzsperre für zwei Spiele
    4. ein Gelände, eine Straße (ab)sperren:
    close a road to traffic eine Straße für den Verkehr sperren
    5. die Hand schließen, die Faust ballen
    6. die Sicht versperren
    7. ELEK den Stromkreis schließen
    8. fig beenden, be-, abschließen:
    close a case einen Fall abschließen;
    close the court JUR die Verhandlung schließen;
    close an issue eine (strittige) Sache erledigen;
    close a procession einen Zug beschließen;
    close one’s days seine Tage beschließen (sterben);
    the subject was closed das Thema war beendet
    9. WIRTSCH
    a) ein Konto auflösen
    b) eine Rechnung abschließen: → book A 9
    10. einen Handel, ein Geschäft abschließen
    11. einen Abstand verringern
    12. SCHIFF näher herangehen an (akk):
    close the wind an den Wind gehen
    13. WIRTSCH US → close out A 2
    E v/i [kləʊz]
    1. allg sich schließen (auch Lücke, Wunde etc)
    2. geschlossen werden
    3. schließen, zumachen:
    the shop closes at 5 o’clock
    4. enden, aufhören, zu Ende gehen
    5. schließen ( with the words mit den Worten)
    6. Börse: abschließen (at mit)
    7. heranrücken, sich nähern:
    close (a)round ( oder about) sb jemanden einschließen, jemanden umzingeln
    8. close with sb mit jemandem (handels)einig werden, sich mit jemandem einigen ( beide:
    on über akk)
    9. close with sb mit jemandem handgemein werden oder aneinandergeraten
    10. sich verringern (Abstand, Strecke)
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (near in space) dicht; nahe

    be close to something — nahe bei od. an etwas (Dat.) sein

    I wish we lived closer to your parents — ich wünschte, wir würden näher bei deinen Eltern wohnen

    be close to tears/breaking point — den Tränen/einem Zusammenbruch nahe sein

    at close quarters, the building looked less impressive — aus der Nähe betrachtet, wirkte das Gebäude weniger imposant

    2) (near in time) nahe (to an + Dat.)
    3) eng [Freund, Freundschaft, Beziehung, Zusammenarbeit, Verbindung]; nahe [Verwandte, Bekanntschaft]

    be/become close to somebody — jemandem nahe stehen/nahekommen

    4) (rigorous, painstaking) eingehend, genau [Untersuchung, Prüfung, Befragung usw.]
    5) (stifling) stickig [Luft, Raum]; drückend, schwül [Wetter]
    6) (nearly equal) hart [[Wett]kampf, Spiel]; knapp [Ergebnis]

    that was a close call or shave or thing — (coll.) das war knapp!

    7) (nearly matching) wortgetreu [Übersetzung]; getreu, genau [Imitation, Kopie]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

    be the closest equivalent to something — einer Sache (Dat.) am ehesten entsprechen

    8) eng [Schrift]
    2. adverb
    1) (near) nah[e]

    close on 2 o'clock — kurz vor 2 [Uhr]

    close to somebody/something — nahe bei jemandem/etwas

    it brought them closer together — (fig.) es brachte sie einander näher

    be/come close to tears — den Tränen nahe sein

    2) fest [schließen]; genau [hinsehen]
    3. transitive verb
    1) (shut) schließen, (ugs.) zumachen [Augen, Tür, Fenster, Geschäft]; zuziehen [Vorhang]; (declare shut) schließen [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik, Betrieb, Werk, Zeche]; stilllegen [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche, Bahnlinie]; sperren [Straße, Brücke]
    2) (conclude) schließen, beenden [Besprechung, Rede, Diskussion]; schließen [Versammlung, Sitzung]
    3) (make smaller) schließen (auch fig.) [Lücke]
    4. intransitive verb
    1) (shut) sich schließen; [Tür:] zugehen (ugs.), sich schließen

    the door/lid doesn't close properly — die Tür/der Deckel schließt nicht richtig

    2) [Laden, Geschäft, Fabrik:] schließen, (ugs.) zumachen; (permanently) [Betrieb, Werk, Zeche:] geschlossen od. stillgelegt werden; [Geschäft:] geschlossen werden, (ugs.) zumachen
    3) (come to an end) zu Ende gehen; enden; (finish speaking) schließen
    5. noun
    1) no pl. Ende, das; Schluss, der

    come or draw to a close — zu Ende gehen

    bring or draw something to a close — einer Sache (Dat.) ein Ende bereiten; etwas zu Ende bringen

    2) (cul-de-sac) Sackgasse, die
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    v.
    abschließen v.
    schließen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: schloß, geschlossen)
    zumachen v.

    English-german dictionary > close

  • 17 LEGGJA

    * * *
    (legg, lagða, lagiðr, lagðr, laginn), v.
    1) to lay, place (Már hafði lagt höfuð sitt í kné Rannveigar);
    leggja net, to lay a net;
    2) to put;
    leggja eld í, to put fire to;
    leggja söðul á hest, to put a saddle on a horse;
    leggja árar upp, to lay up the oars, give up pulling;
    leggja ofan segi, to haul down, take in the sails;
    leggja at jörðu, at velli (or við jörðu, við velli), to overthrow, slay, kill;
    leggja hlut sinn, to lose one’s lot, be worsted;
    3) to lay, drop, of a beast (hvelparnir, er eigi vóru lagðir);
    4) to lay, make, build;
    leggja garða, to make fences;
    5) to appoint, fix (leggja stefnu, leika, bardaga);
    6) to tax, value (hann lagði hálft landit fyrir sex tigi silfrs);
    leggja e-n úgildan, to award no fine for, put no price on;
    leggja at léttu, to make light of;
    leggja sakar, to settle strife;
    leggja lög, to lay down laws;
    leggja leið sína, to take a direction;
    hann lagði mjök kvámur sínar í Ögr, he was in the habit of coming often to O.;
    8) to allot, assign (þér mun lagit verða at vera einvaldskonungr yfir Noregi);
    hvat mun til líkna lagt Sigurði, what comfort is there appointed for S.?;
    þér var lengra líf lagit, a longer life was destined for thee;
    9) to lay out, pay, discharge;
    leggja at veði, to give as bail;
    leggja á hættu, to risk;
    leggja á mikinn kostnað, to run into great expenses;
    leggja líf á, to stake one’s life on a thing;
    leggja fé til höfuðs e-m, to set a price on one’s head;
    10) to lay a ship’s course, stand of or on, sail, absol., or the ship in dat. or acc., lét hann blása herblástr ok leggja út ór höfninni, and sailed out of the harbour;
    leggja at, to land (lagði hann at við Sundólfsstaði);
    in a naval battle, to attack (lögðu þeir þá at þeim);
    leggja undir land, to stand in towards land;
    leggja (skip) í rétt, to drift or run before the wind;
    11) to set off, start;
    leggja á flótta, to take toftight;
    leggja eptir e-m, to pursue;
    12) to stab, thrust, with a weapon (Þ. leggr hann spjóti til bana);
    13) impers. it turns, is driven in a direction (of smoke, smell, fire);
    hingat leggr allan reykinn, all the smoke blows hitherward;
    to freeze over, be covered with snow or ice (þá er ísa lagði á vötn);
    leggja nær, to be on the brink of;
    nær lagði þat úfœru einu sinni, it had well nigh come to a disaster;
    14) with preps.:
    leggja e-t af, to cede, give up (H. bróðir hans lagði af við hann sinn part í eyjunni);
    to leave off, desist from (legg af héðan af versagørð, sagði erkibiskup);
    leggja af fénað, to slaughter cattle;
    leggja e-t aptr, to give back, return (báðu mik leggja aptr taflit);
    leggja at, leggja at landi, to land;
    leggja at e-m, to attack;
    leggja e-t á e-n, to impose, lay (a burden, tax) upon one (leggja skatt, skyldir, yfirbót á e-n);
    leggja e-t á við e-n = leggja e-t á e-n;
    leggja stund, kapp, hug á e-t, to take pains about, great interest in, a thing;
    leggja ást, elsku, mætur á e-t, to feel love, affection, interest for a thing, to cherish a thing or person;
    leggja fæð, öfund, hatr á, to take dislike, envy, hatred to;
    leggja móti e-m, to oppose, contradict one;
    leggja e-t til, to furnish, contribute, as one’s share (hvern styrk hefir móðir mín til lagit með þér?);
    leggja fátt til, to say little, be reserved;
    leggja lof til, to give praise to;
    leggja gott (illt) til e-s, to lay a good (or ill) word to one, to interfere in a friendly (or unfriendly) manner;
    leggja e-t til lofs e-m, to put a thing to a person’s credit;
    leggja e-t til orðs, to talk about;
    leggja e-m e-t til ámælis, orðs, to blame one for a thing;
    leggja e-t undir or undir sik, to conquer, vanquish (Knútr konungr lagði allt land undir sik íNoregi);
    leggja e-t undir e-n, to submit a matter to a person, refer to (þeir höfðu lagit mál undir Njál);
    leggja undir trúnað e-s, to trust;
    ok er þat mjök undir hann lagit, it depends much on him;
    leggja e-t undir þegnskap sinn, to assert on one’s honour;
    leggja e-t upp við e-n, to hand over to one;
    leggja e-t eigi langt upp, not to make much of, to make light of (eigi legg ek slíkt langt upp);
    leggja e-t við e-t, to add to (leggja aðra tölu við aðra);
    leggja við líf sitt, höfuð sitt, to stake one’s life;
    leggja við sekt, to fix a fine;
    15) refl., leggjast.
    * * *
    a causal of liggja, q. v.; pres. legg, pl. leggjum; pret. lagði; subj. legði; imperat. legg or leggðú; part. lagiðr, lagið, lagit; contr. lagðr, lögð, lagt; part. laginn, Fb. ii. 386, which form is in mod. Icel. used as an adjective only; a part. pass. lagztr, lögzt, lagzt, Fas. ii. 345, and in mod. usage: [Ulf. lagjan = τιθέναι; A. S. lecgan; Engl. lay; O. H. G. legjan; Germ. legen; Swed. lägga; Dan. lægge]:—to lay.
    A. Prop. to lay, place; ok lagði hann á altara, Ver. 14; er hann var lagiðr á bálit, Hkr. i. 32; á lúðr lagiðr, Vþm.; vóru steinar lagðir í hring utan um, Eg. 486; Már lá útar á bekk, ok hafði lagt höfuð sitt í kné Rannveigar, Sturl. i. 13; leggja net, to lay a net, K. Þ. K. 88:—to lay down, leggja sinn aldr, Ht.
    2. to put; leggja band um, umhverfis, to fasten a string round the body, Eg. 340; leggja saman augun, to put the eyes together, shut them, id.; leggja eld í, to put fire to, Nj. 74, 131; leggja hendr at síðum mér, Fms. x. 331; leggja stýri í lag, to put it right, Hkr. i. 32; leggja ofan segl ok viðu, to haul down, take in the sails, Fms. iv. 372, ix. 23; l. lénur, söðul, á hest, to put a saddle on a horse, Nj. 74, Landn. 151; l. á hest, or leggja á (simply), to saddle; leggja hapt á hest, Grág. i. 436; l. mark á, of sheep, 426; l. hús ofan, to pull it down, Bs. i. 163; l. klyfjar ofan, to unload a horse, K. Þ. K. 94; l. klyfjar upp, to pack a horse, N. G. L. i. 349; l. árar upp, to lay up the oars, give up pulling, Edda 36: the mod. phrase, leggja árar í bát, to give a thing up, lose heart; l. fyrir lið, to give up, see lið; fyrir lagðr, outworn, exhausted, Mar. 1060, Fas. ii. 278.
    3. leggja at jörðu, at velli (or við jörðu, við velli), to overthrow, make bite the dust, Nj. 117, Eg. 426, Fms. vii. 296, viii. 43, x. 257, Njarð. 378; leggja fyrir borð, to put overboard, metaph. to forsake, Clem. 47; leggja í leg, to lay waste, Grág. ii. 278; leggja hlut sinn, to lay down or lose one’s lot, be worsted, Sturl. iii. 103: leggja mál í görð, to put into court, Nj. 88, 101; l. mál í umræðu, to put it to discussion, Orkn. 426; l. mál til sætta, Nj. 111.
    4. to lay, drop, of a beast; hvelparnir er eigi vóru lagðir, Fb. i. 104.
    II. metaph. in a mental sense; leggja stund, starf, hug, kapp … á e-t, to study a thing, take pains about, interest in it; as also, leggja ást, elsku, mætr á e-t, to feel love, affection, interest for, to love, cherish a thing or person; and again, leggja fæð, öfund, hatr … á, to take dislike, envy to, Al. 95, Ísl. ii. 197, Nj. 31, 46, Eg. 42, 418, Ld. 60, Fb. ii. 229, Fms. i. 31: freq. in old and mod. usage, thus, Sturla lagði mikinn hug á, at láta rita sögu-bækr eptir bókuni þeim er Snorri setti saman, Sturl. ii. 123; leggja e-t e-m til orðs, ámælis, to put a thing to a person’s blame, blame him for it, Nj. 62, 85, 138, 246, Ld. 250; l. e-t til lofs e-m, to laud one, put a thing to a person’s credit, Fms. x. 98.
    2. with prepp.; leggja á, to impose, put upon; leggja skyldir, skatt … á, Fms. x. 51, 93, Rb. 394:—leggja af, to leave off, cease doing; legg af héðan af versa-görð, sagði erkibiskup, ok stúdera heldr í kirkjunnar lögum, Bs. i. 799:—leggja e-t fyrir sik, to set a task before one, Fms. ii. 103, xi. 157:—leggja til, to add to, xi. 51, Hom. 138:—leggja undir or undir sik, to lay under oneself, conquer, vanquish, Fms. i. 3, x. 35, Eg. 12, Stj. 46, 146; leggja e-t undir þegnskap sinn, to assert on one’s honour, Grág. i. 29, Nj. 150; leggja e-t undir e-n, to submit it to a person, refer to, 105; l. e-t undir trúnað e-s, to trust, Fms. ix. 397; ok er þat mjök undir hann lagit, it depends much on him, Bjarn. 52:—leggja út, mod. to translate (út-legging):—leggja við, to add to, Grág. i. 22, Hom. 138, 155. Rb. 88, Al. 358.
    III. to lay, place, found, build; leggja afla, Vsp. 7; leggja garða, to make fences, Rm. 12; leggja götur, to make roads, Dipl. iv. 12; leggja lúðra, to place right, adjust the bin, Gs. 3; leggja leið, to take a direction, Fas. i. 57; hann lagði mjök kvámur sínar í Ögr, he was in the habit of coming to O., Fbr. 30; leggja e-t í vana sinn, to make a habit of.
    2. metaph. to lay, settle; leggja sakar, to settle strife, Vsp. 64; leggja landrétt, to settle the public rights, make laws, Sighvat; leggja lög, to lay down laws, of the three weird sisters ordering the fate of men, Vsp.:—to lay down, ordain, lagt er allt fyrir, all is predestined, Skv. I, Skm. 13, Ls. 48; era með löstum lögð æfi þér, Skv. 1, 33; hvat mun til líkna lagt Sigurði, 30; leggja á, to ordain, en þú hugfest þá hluti er ek segi þér, ok legg á þik, Bs. i. 199; ef þeir eru á lagðir ( ordered) fyrir váttum, Gþl. 439; þá hluti er ek hefi á lagt við þik, Eg. 738; leggja lög á, to make, lay down a law, Bs. i. 28: leggja ríkt á, to order peremptorily: of a spell, leggja á, to enchant; ‘mæli eg um og legg eg á!’ is in the tales the formula with which witches say the spell.
    3. to appoint, fix, a meeting or the like; eru þá leikar lagðir í Ásbjarnar-nesi, Ld. 196; leikr var lagiðr á Hvítár-völlum, Eg. 188; þeir lögðu við landsmenn hálfs-mánaðar frið, 228; leggja stefnu með sér, Fms. i. 36; var lögð konunga-stefna í Elfi, vii. 62; leggja bardaga við e-n, xi. 418; l. með sér vináttu, Eg. 278; Augustus keisari lagði frið ( established peace) um allan heim, Edda.
    IV. to tax, value (fjár-lag); hross eru ok lögð, hestr fjögurra vetra gamall við kú, Grág. i. 503; leggja lag á mjöl, ii. 404; ef fyrr er keypt en lag er á lagt, id.; leggja lag á varning manna, Ísl. ii. 126; þat þykkir mér jafnligast at þú leggir land svá dýrt, en ek kjósa hvárr okkarr leysa skal, … hann lagði hálft landit fyrir sex tigi silfrs, … er þú leggr svá údýrt Helgafells-land, Eb. 38; vil ek þat vinna til sætta at leggja son minn úgildan, Nj. 250; at Hallr af Síðu hafði lagit úgildan son sinn, ok vann þat til sætta, 251; leggja at léttu, to lay a tax on light, Fas. iii. 553.
    V. to lay out, pay, discharge; leggja at veði, to give as bail, Edda 17; buðu at leggja sik í veð fyrir þessa menn, Nj. 163; leggja á hættu, to risk, Eg. 86; leggja á mikinn kostnað, to run into great expences, Eg. 43; leggja veð eðr fá vörzlu, Gþl. 389: leggja í kostnað, to expend, Fms. xi. 232; leggja sik í háska, veð, to put oneself in danger, to stake one’s life, vii. 263, Nj. 163:—leggja aptr, to pay back, Grett. 174 new Ed.; leggja líf á, to stake one’s life on a thing, Nj. 106, 178:—l. fram, to lay forth, lay out, exhibit (fram-lag); allan þann sóma er hann hefir fram lagit, Ld. 32; mikit muntú þurfa fram at leggja með honum, þvíat hón á allan arf eptir mik, Nj. 3; l. fram líf sitt, Eg. 426:—leggja til, to pay to, furnish, contribute, as one’s share; hvern styrk hefir móðir mín til lagit með þér, Nj. 7; hvat viltú þá til leggja? langskip tvau, 42; skortir mik eigi fé til at leggja fyrir farit, 128; kunni hann til alls góð ráð at leggja, Eg. 2; hefi ek þar til (lagit) mörg orð, 728; lét ek þar sælu-hús göra ok lagða fé til, Fms. vii. 122, Js. 4; þau ráð er Gregoríus lagði til, Fms. vii. 258; l. fé til höfuðs e-m, to set a price on one’s head, Nj. 112, Grett. passim:—metaph., leggja fátt til, to say little, be reserved, Nj. 88, 112; Gunnarr lagði ekki til, G. remained silent, 52; leggja lof til, to give praise to, Eg. 33; leggja orð í (til), to ‘lay a word to,’ say a word in a matter, remonstrate, Grág. i. 290; leggja gott, íllt til e-s, to lay a good (or ill) word to, to interfere in a friendly (or unfriendly) manner, Sturl. iii. 151 (til-lögur):—leggja hlut sinn, líf sitt, við, to risk one’s lot, stake one’s life, i. 162, Nj. 113, 218; l. sik allan við, to do one’s best, Eg. 738; l. sekt við, l. lögbrot við, of a penalty, Nj. 113, Eg. 352, H. E. i. 505:—leggja út, to lay out, pay, Vm. 33; of betting, Orkn. 200:—leggja fé upp, to lay up, invest; l. fé upp í jörð, Dipl. v. 21; lagða ek upp við minn kæra Orm biskup hálfan viðreka, I made it over to O., ii. 4; l. upp fé, to lay up, board.
    VI. of direction, esp. as a naut. term, to stand off or on, lay a ship’s course, esp. from or towards a port, to or from an attack, to sail, proceed to sea, absol., or the ship in dat. or acc., leggja skip or skipi; þú skalt leggja fram sem þér líkar (place the ship to attack), Nj. 8; ok leggr fram skeiðina jafnfram skipi Rúts, id.; þeir leggja út undir eina ey ok bíða þar byrjar, 133; hann lagði skip sín inn á sundit, 271; þeir bjuggusk um sem skjótast ok lögðu út skipunum, Eg. 358; en er skipit var lagit út undir Fenhring, Fms. x. 64; Sigvaldi leggr skip sitt í miðja fylking ( lays his ship alongside of), xi. 126; þeir hittu drómund einn í hafi ok lögðu til níu skipum ok borðusk, … at lyktum lögðu þeir snekkjunum undir drómundinn, Hkr. iii. 353; leggja undir land, to stand in towards land, Eb. 126, where in a metaph. sense = to give in; lögðu þeir eigi inn í ósinn, en lögðu útarliga á höfnina, Ísl. ii. 126; bauð hann út leiðangri at liði ok skipum ok lagði ( stood) út til Staðs fyrir innan Þórsbjörg, Fms. i. 12; síðan leggja þeir í Löginn upp, Hkr. i. 32; Knútr konungr lagði þegar upp í ána ok at kastalanum, Fms. ix. 23, xi. 196; réru þeir langskipinu upp í ána ok lögðu til bæjar þess, Eg. 80; lögðu víkingar við þat frá, Landn. 223; þá lögðu þeir at nesi einu, Eg. 161; ok lögðu þar at landi, 203; lagði hann at ( landed) við Sundólfs-staði, Fms. ix. 483; en er þeir koma norðr at Hákonar-hellu þá lögðu þeir þar at, Hkr. i. 160: leggja at, to attack, in a naval battle (atlaga); lögðu þeir þá at þeim, Nj. 25, Eg. 81; munu vér leggja til orrostu við þá, Fms. vii. 257; létusk allir búnir at leggja at þeim Hákoni, id.; ef þeir leggja at, Jómsvíkingar, xi. 134:—leggja í rétt, to drift or run before the wind, skipverjar, þeir er sigla vildu, eðr þeir er í rétt vildu leggja skipit, Fbr. 59; mæltu þeir er leið sögðu at varligra væri at lægja seglit ok leggja skipit í rétt um nóttina, en sigla til lands at ljósum degi, Fms. ii. 64; þá kom andviðri ok leggja þeir í rétt, Bs. i. 420; þá lögðu þeir í rétt harðan, kom á stormr svá at eigi fengu þeir lengi í rétti legit, ok sigldu þeir þá við eitt rif, Bær. 5; þá kemr enn landviðri ok leggja cnn í rétt ok rekr vestr í haf, Bs. i. 483; þá lögðu þeir í rétt harðan, 484; féll veðrit ok görði lögn, lögðu þeir þá í rétt, ok létu reiða fyrir nokkurar nætr, Eg. 372.
    2. without the notion of sea, to start; leggja á flótta, to turn to flight, fly, Fms. x. 241, xi. 341, 391, Orkn. 4, Hkr. i. 319, passim; leggja ú fund þeirra, Fms. vii. 258; leggja eptir, to pursue, x. 215; leggja upp, to start on a journey: metaph., leggja e-t ekki langt upp, Grett. 51 new Ed.
    3. to stab, thrust with a weapon, the weapon in dat. or absol. (lag = a thrust), Nj. 8, 64, Njarð. 378, Eg. 216, 258, 298, Nj. 43, 56, Grág. ii. 7, Gþl. 165, passim; opp. to höggva, höggva ok leggja, hann hjó ok lagði, and the like.
    VII. impers. it turns, in driven in a direction, of smoke, smell, fire, or the like; hingat leggr allan reykinn, all the smoke blows thitherward, Nj. 202; en eldinn lagði at þeim, Fms. i. 266; fyrir údaun er ór hauginum mun út leggja, iv. 28; varask gust þann ok údaun er út lagði or haugnum, … af fýlu þeirri sem út lagði, Ísl. ii. 45; ok er eldrinn var görr, lagði reykinn upp í skarðit, Eb. 220; ef hval leggr út, if a (dead) whale is driven off land, Gþl. 462:—of ice, snow, to freeze, be covered with snow, ice, þá leggr snjó nokkurn fyrir þá, 655 xv. 12; er ís leggr á vatnit, Grág. ii. 287; þá er ísa lagði á vötn, Fms. ii. 103: the place frozen in acc., vóru íslög mikil ok hafði langt lagt lit Breiðafjörð, Ld. 286; lagði ok Ögrsvatn, Fbr. 30 new Ed.; lagði fjörðinn út langt, 60 new Ed.: part., íss var lagðr á Hofstaða-vág, Eb. 236:—of winter, cold, þegar er gott er ok vetr (acc.) leggr á, Grett. 24 new Ed.; lagði þegar á frer ok snjófa, Bs. i. 872; but pers., leggr á hríðir ok snjóvar (better snjóva), Bs. i. 198.
    2. the phrase, leggja nær, to ‘lie near,’ be on the brink of; nær lagði þat úfæru eitt sinn, it had well nigh come to a disaster, Edda 17; lagði þá svá nær at allr þingheimr mundi berjask, it was on the brink of …, Nj. 163; lagði nær at hann mundi reka í svelginn, Fms. x. 145.
    B. Reflex. to lay oneself, lie; leggjask niðr í runna nokkura, Nj. 132; er Skálm merr yður leggsk undir klyfjum, Landn. 77; þá leggjask í akrinn flugur þær, er …, 673 A. 3:—of going to bed, þeir höfðu lagizk til svefns, were gone to sleep, Nj. 155; Skarphéðinn lagðisk ekki niðr um kveldit, 170:—leggjask með konu, to cohabit (illicitly), Fms. i. 57, K. Á. 118, Fas. iii. 390, Grág. i. 351:—of illness, to fall sick, take to bed, tók hón sótt ok lagðisk í rekkju, Nj. 14; þá lét hann búa hvílu sína ok lagðisk í sótt, Fms. xi. 214: the phrase, leggjask e-t ekki undir höfuð, not lay it under one’s pillow, do it promptly, be mindful of a thing, ii. 120, v. 264:—leggjask á e-t, to fall upon, of robbers, beasts of prey, etc.; at spillvirkjar mundi l. á fé þeirra, i. 226, Grett. 125 new Ed.; Vindr lögðusk á valinn ok raufuðu, xi. 380: örn lagðisk ( prayed) í eyna, Bs. i. 350:—leggjask fyrir, to take rest, lie down, from exhaustion, sickness, or the like, 387; lögðusk þá fyrir bæði menn ok hestar af úviðri, Sturl. iii. 292; þá lögðusk leiðsagnar-menn fyrir, þvíat þeir vissu eigi hvar þeir vóru komnir, Fms. viii. 52; fyrir leggjask um e-t mál, to give it up, Bs. i. 194: leggjask niðr, to pass out of use, cease, Fms. x. 179, xi. 12: leggjask á, to arise, mun sá orðrómr á leggjask, at …, Nj. 32, Fms. i. 291; úþokki lagðisk á milli þeirra bræðra, xi. 14.
    2. to cease; at sá úvandi leggisk sem áðr hefir verit, Fms. i. 280.
    II. to swim (partly answering to A. VI); leggjask til sunds, to go into the water and swim, Ld. 46; þeir leggjask um hríð … Sigmundr leggsk þá um hríð … hann lagðisk síðar ( swam behind), Fær. 173; hann lagðisk eptir geldingi gömlum út í Hvalsey, Landn. 107; Grettir lagðisk nú inn á fjörðinn, Grett. 148; hann lagðisk yfir þvert sundit ok gékk þar á land, 116, Hkr. i. 287, Finnb. 266; þeir koma upp ok leggjask til lands, Ld. 168; for legðir read legðiz, Njarð. 378.
    2. to set out; leggjask í hernað, víking, to set out on a freebooting expedition, Fms. x. 414, passim: leggjask út, to set out into the wilderness, as a highwayman, Odd. 8, Fas. i. 154, passim (útilegu-maðr = a highwayman); ek lögðumk út á merkr, Fms. ii. 103; leggjask á flótta = leggja á flótta, to take to flight, xi. 305: leggjask djúpt, to dive deep (metaph.), Nj. 102; leggjask til e-s, to seek, try eagerly for, Stj. 90, Bs. i. 198; leggjask í e-t, to occupy oneself with, Rb. 312.
    3. á lögðusk logn mikil, þokur ok sælægjur, Orkn. 358; vindar lögðusk ( the wind wafted) af hrauninu um kveldum, Eb. 218, (see A. VII): the phrase, ekki lagðisk mjök á með þeim frændum, they were not on good terms, Ld. 68: ok lagðisk lítt á með þeim Snorra, Sturl. i. 124; þeir töluðu lengi ok lagðisk vel á með þeim, things went well with them, Orkn. 408; þungt hefir á lagizk með okkr Strút-Haraldi jarli um hríð, Fms. xi. 84; Steinólfi þótti þat líkt ok ekki, ok lagðisk lítt á með þeim, Gullþ. 11:—lítið leggsk fyrir e-n, to come to a shameful end; lítið lagðisk nú fyrir kappann, þvíat hann kafnaði í stofu-reyk sem hundr, Grett. 115; svá lítið sem fyrir hann lagðisk, who had been so easily slain, had made so poor a defence, Ld. 150; lítið lagðisk hór fyrir góðan dreng, er þrælar skyldu at bana verða, Landn. 36; kann vera, at nú leggisk lítið fyrir hann, ek skal ráðin til setja, Fms. iv. 166.
    III. recipr., leggjask at, to attack one another, Fms. xi. 130: leggjask hendr á, to lay hands on fine another, Ld. 154; leggjask hugi á, to take a liking for each other, Bárð.: leggjask nær, to run close up to one another, of two boats, Gísl. 51.
    IV. part. lagðr, as adj. fit, destined to a thing, or fitted, of natural gifts; at hann mundi bæði spá-maðr vesa ok lagðr til mikils þrifnaðar ok gæfu Gyðinga-lýð, 625. 87; vera kann at þér sé meirr lagðr ( that thou art more fitted for) fésnúðr ok ferðir en tilstilli um mála-ferli, i. e. that thou art more fitted to be a traveller than a lawyer, Band. 5; öllu því íllu sem honum var lagit, Fb. i. 215; hón var þeim til lýta lagin, she was doomed to be their destruction, Sól. 11; sem mælt er um þá menn sem mjök er sú íþrótt lagin, Fms. v. 40; þvíat þér mun lagit verða at vera (’tis weirded for thee, thou art doomed to be) einvalds konungr yfir öllum Noregi, Fb. i. 564; þér var lengra lif lagit, a longer life was doomed to thee, Fas. iii. 344; allar spár sögðu, at harm mundi verða lagðr til skaða þeim, Edda 19: laginn, expert, skilled, disposed, freq. in mod. usage, hann er laginn fyrir að læra, hann er ekki lund-laginn á það, he has no inclination for it, whence lægni = skill; thus also, lagaðr from laga (q. v.), vera lagaðr fyrir e-t, lagaðr fyrir lærdóm, given to learn, of natural gifts.
    V. part. pass. lagztr; er hann var lagztr niðr, when he had laid himself down, Fas. ii. 345: freq. in mod. usage, hann er lagztr fyrir, lagztr niðr, and so on.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LEGGJA

  • 18 dicht

    I Adj.
    1. dense, thick; Verkehr: auch heavy; Hecke: auch close-set; Gewebe: dense, closely-woven; (gedrängt) tightly packed
    2. (undurchlässig); für Wasser: watertight, waterproof; für Luft: airtight; Vorhang: thick, heavy; nicht mehr dicht sein Gefäß etc.: leak, be leaky; dicht machen Gefäß: seal, stop the leak(s), make watertight; Dach: seal (the cracks); Fenster: seal; er ist nicht ganz dicht umg., fig. he’s got a screw loose
    3. fig. Stil: compact, dense; Atmosphäre: dense; Programm: tightly-packed, full; in dichter Folge in quick succession
    4. umg. (geschlossen, zu) closed, shut; Grenze: blocked; Eugen war gestern wieder total dicht umg. (betrunken) Eugen was pissed (Am. plastered) again last night
    II Adv.
    1. densely, thickly; dicht behaart (very) hairy, hirsute geh.; ein dicht bepflanztes Beet a closely planted (flower)bed; dicht besiedelt oder bevölkert densely populated; dicht gedrängt tightly packed; eine dicht gepflanzte Hecke a close-set hedge; der Himmel ist dicht mit Wolken verhangen oder dicht bewölkt there is thick cloud cover
    2. (nahe) closely; dicht an oder bei close to; dicht an-, bei- oder nebeneinander close together; dicht daneben stehen: close by, right next to; schießen: right by; dicht gefolgt von closely followed by; dicht hinter jemandem her sein be hot on s.o.’s heels; auffahren 2
    3. fig.: dicht bevorstehen be imminent; ich war dicht daran oder davor aufzugeben I was just about to give up ( oder on the verge of giving up); das Geschäft steht dicht vor dem Abschluss the deal is almost completed
    4. dicht schließen shut tight(ly); Tür: shut tight ( oder properly); nicht mehr dicht halten not close ( oder shut) properly any more
    * * *
    tight; compact; thick; serried; turbid; thickset; leakproof; concentrated; dense
    * * *
    dịcht [dɪçt]
    1. adj
    1) Gefieder, Haar, Hecke thick; Laub, Nebel thick, dense; Wald, (Menschen)menge, Gewühl dense; Verkehr heavy, dense; Gewebe close; Stoff closely-woven; (fig = konzentriert) Stil dense; Szene full, compact

    in dichter Folge — in rapid or quick succession

    2) (= undurchlässig) Vorhänge thick, heavy; Rollladen heavy; (= wasserdicht) watertight; (= luftdicht) airtight

    dicht machen — to seal, to make watertight/airtight; Fenster to seal → auch dichtmachen

    3) (inf = zu) shut, closed
    4) (sl = betrunken, high) off one's face (Brit inf out of it (inf)
    2. adv
    1) (= nahe) closely

    (dicht an) dicht stehen — to stand close together

    2) (= fest) zuziehen, schließen tightly; weben densely

    dicht halten — to be watertight

    3) (= sehr stark) bevölkert, bepflanzt densely; bewaldet densely, thickly

    dicht bewachsen Baumstämme — grown over with moss and lichen; Ufer thickly covered with vegetation; Landstrich rich in vegetation

    dicht belaubt — thick with leaves, densely foliated

    dicht gedrängt — closely packed; Programm packed

    4)

    (mit Präpositionen) dicht an/bei — close to

    dicht dahinter/darüber/davor — right behind/above/in front

    dicht hinter jdm her sein — to be right or hard or close behind sb

    * * *
    1) (very closely together: The crowd was densely packed.) densely
    2) (thick and close: We made our way through dense forest; The fog was so dense that we could not see anything.) dense
    3) (made of many single units placed very close together; dense: a thick forest; thick hair.) thick
    4) (difficult to see through: thick fog.) thick
    5) (not allowing much time: We hope to finish this next week but the schedule's a bit tight.) tight
    6) ((also tightly) closely; with no extra room or space: The bags were packed tight / tightly packed.) tight
    * * *
    [ˈdɪçt]
    I. adj
    1. (ohne Lücken) thick, dense; (zusammengedrängt) dense
    eine \dichte Atmosphäre PHYS a dense atmosphere
    \dichter Baumwollstoff closely woven cotton fabric
    in \dichter Folge in quick [or rapid] succession
    ein \dichtes Gedränge a tight [or dense] crowd
    \dichtes Gewebe tight [or close] weave
    \dichtes Haar thick hair
    \dichter Verkehr heavy [or dense] traffic
    im \dichten Verkehr festsitzen to be stuck in a traffic jam
    2. (fig: konzentriert) dense; (voll ausgefüllt) full; (effizient) tight
    a \dichte Atmosphäre/Stimmung/Szene a dense atmosphere/mood/scene
    ein \dichter Dialog a dense dialogue
    \dichte Lyrik/Prosa dense poetry/prose
    ein \dichtes soziales Netz a tight [or compact] social network
    ein \dichtes Programm a full programme [or AM program
    3. (undurchsichtig) thick, dense
    \dichter Nebel thick [or dense] fog
    \dichter Schneefall heavy snowfall
    \dichtes Schweigen (fig liter) complete silence
    4. (undurchlässig) tight; Vorhänge thick, heavy; Rollladen heavy; (luftdicht) airtight; (wasserdicht) watertight; (wasserabweisend) waterproof
    etw \dicht machen (versiegeln) to seal sth; (luftdicht machen) to make sth airtight; (wasserabweisend machen) to waterproof sth; (wasserdicht machen) to make sth watertight
    ein Dach \dicht machen to repair [or seal] a leaking roof
    ein Fenster \dicht machen to repair [or seal] a window
    Fugen \dicht machen to seal joints
    nicht mehr \dicht sein to leak; Fenster to be cracked [or broken]; Blende to let in [the] light
    5. (fig: ausgebucht) full, packed
    6. pred, inv (fam: geschlossen) closed; Laden a. shut
    7.
    ▶ nicht ganz \dicht sein (pej fam) to be off one's head pej fam
    II. adv
    1. (ohne Lücken) thickly, densely; (zusammengedrängt) densely
    wir standen \dicht gedrängt im Bus we stood squeezed together in the bus
    \dicht an [o bei] \dicht close together
    \dicht an [o bei] \dicht stehen to be [or stand] close together
    \dicht bebaut heavily built up
    \dicht behaart [very] hairy
    ein \dicht behaarter Kopf a good head of hair
    \dicht behaart sein to have a lot of hair
    auf der Brust \dicht behaart sein to have a very hairy chest
    \dicht belaubt sein to be covered in dense foliage
    \dicht mit Rosen bepflanzt sein to be full of roses
    \dicht besetzt full, packed
    \dicht besiedelt [o bevölkert] densely [or heavily] populated
    \dicht bewaldet thickly wooded, densely forested
    \dicht bewölkt very cloudy, heavily overcast
    \dicht mit Efeu/Moos bewachsen overgrown with ivy/moss
    \dicht gepackt tightly packed
    \dicht gewebt tightly [or closely] woven
    \dicht mit etw dat übersät sein to be thickly strewn with sth
    2. (fig: voll)
    \dicht gedrängt Zeitplan packed, full
    3. (undurchlässig) tightly
    die Gardinen \dicht zuziehen to draw the curtains to, to close the curtains properly
    \dicht halten Schuhe, Verschluss to keep out [the] water, to be watertight
    \dicht schließen to close properly
    Behälter \dicht geschlossen halten keep container tightly closed
    \dicht verhängt thickly draped; Fenster thickly curtained
    4. (nah) closely
    \dicht auffahren to tailgate, to drive too closely to the car in front
    \dicht beieinander/hintereinander close together
    \dicht gefolgt von jdm/etw followed closely by sb/sth
    ▪ \dicht an etw/jdm close to sb/sth
    ▪ \dicht hinter jdm/etw just [or right] behind sb/sth
    \dicht hinter jdm sein to be right behind sb
    ▪ \dicht neben jdm/etw just [or right] beside sb/sth, just [or right] next to sb/sth
    ▪ \dicht über/unter etw/jdm just above/under sth/sb
    \dicht über etw akk hängen to hang just over sth
    ▪ \dicht vor jdm/etw just [or right] in front of sb/sth
    5. (bald)
    \dicht bevorstehen to be coming up soon; Gefahr to be imminent
    Weihnachten steht \dicht bevor it's not long till Christmas, Christmas is just around the corner fam
    an etw dat \dicht dran sein (fam) to be close to sth
    \dicht dran sein, etw zu tun (fam) to be just about to do sth, to be on the point of doing sth
    * * *
    1.
    1) thick <hair, fur, plumage, moss>; thick, dense <foliage, fog, cloud>; dense <forest, thicket, hedge, crowd>; heavy, dense < traffic>; densely ranked, close-ranked < rows of houses>; heavy <snowstorm, traffic>; (fig.) full, packed < programme>

    in dichter Folge — in rapid or quick succession

    2) (undurchlässig) (für Luft) airtight; (für Wasser) watertight < shoes>; (für Licht) heavy <curtains, shutters>

    dicht machen — seal < crack>; seal the crack[s]/leak[s] in <roof, window, etc.>; waterproof < material, umbrella, etc.>

    nicht ganz dicht sein — (salopp) have a screw loose (coll.)

    3) (ugs.): (geschlossen) shut; closed
    2.
    1) densely < populated>; tightly < packed>; thickly, densely < wooded>; heavily < built up>

    dicht besetzt — full; packed

    dicht gedrängt — tightly or closely packed

    dicht behaart — [very] hairy

    dicht an dicht od. dicht gedrängt stehen/sitzen — stand/sit close together

    2) (undurchlässig) tightly
    3) mit Präp. (nahe)

    dicht vor/hinter ihm — right or just in front of/behind him

    die Polizei ist ihm dicht auf den Fersen — the police are hard or close on his heels

    ich war dicht daran, es zu tun — I was just about to do it

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. dense, thick; Verkehr: auch heavy; Hecke: auch close-set; Gewebe: dense, closely-woven; (gedrängt) tightly packed
    2. (undurchlässig); für Wasser: watertight, waterproof; für Luft: airtight; Vorhang: thick, heavy;
    nicht mehr dicht sein Gefäß etc: leak, be leaky;
    dicht machen Gefäß: seal, stop the leak(s), make watertight; Dach: seal (the cracks); Fenster: seal;
    er ist nicht ganz dicht umg, fig he’s got a screw loose
    3. fig Stil: compact, dense; Atmosphäre: dense; Programm: tightly-packed, full;
    in dichter Folge in quick succession
    4. umg (geschlossen, zu) closed, shut; Grenze: blocked;
    Eugen war gestern wieder total dicht umg (betrunken) Eugen was pissed (US plastered) again last night
    B. adv
    1. densely, thickly;
    dicht behaart (very) hairy, hirsute geh;
    ein dicht bepflanztes Beet a closely planted (flower)bed;
    bevölkert densely populated;
    dicht gedrängt tightly packed;
    eine dicht gepflanzte Hecke a close-set hedge;
    dicht bewölkt there is thick cloud cover
    2. (nahe) closely;
    bei close to;
    dicht an-, bei- oder
    nebeneinander close together;
    dicht daneben stehen: close by, right next to; schießen: right by;
    dicht gefolgt von closely followed by;
    dicht hinter jemandem her sein be hot on sb’s heels; → auffahren 2
    3. fig:
    dicht bevorstehen be imminent;
    davor aufzugeben I was just about to give up ( oder on the verge of giving up);
    das Geschäft steht dicht vor dem Abschluss the deal is almost completed
    4.
    dicht schließen shut tight(ly); Tür: shut tight ( oder properly);
    nicht mehr dicht halten not close ( oder shut) properly any more
    * * *
    1.
    1) thick <hair, fur, plumage, moss>; thick, dense <foliage, fog, cloud>; dense <forest, thicket, hedge, crowd>; heavy, dense < traffic>; densely ranked, close-ranked < rows of houses>; heavy <snowstorm, traffic>; (fig.) full, packed < programme>

    in dichter Folge — in rapid or quick succession

    2) (undurchlässig) (für Luft) airtight; (für Wasser) watertight < shoes>; (für Licht) heavy <curtains, shutters>

    dicht machen — seal < crack>; seal the crack[s]/leak[s] in <roof, window, etc.>; waterproof <material, umbrella, etc.>

    nicht ganz dicht sein — (salopp) have a screw loose (coll.)

    3) (ugs.): (geschlossen) shut; closed
    2.
    1) densely < populated>; tightly < packed>; thickly, densely < wooded>; heavily < built up>

    dicht besetzt — full; packed

    dicht gedrängt — tightly or closely packed

    dicht behaart — [very] hairy

    dicht an dicht od. dicht gedrängt stehen/sitzen — stand/sit close together

    2) (undurchlässig) tightly
    3) mit Präp. (nahe)

    dicht vor/hinter ihm — right or just in front of/behind him

    4) (zeitlich): (unmittelbar)

    ich war dicht daran, es zu tun — I was just about to do it

    * * *
    (Mathematik) adj.
    dense adj. (an) adv.
    close by adv.
    close to adv. adj.
    consistent adj.
    dense adj.
    serried adj.
    thick adj.
    thickset adj.
    tight adj.
    waterproof adj. adv.
    closely adv.
    densely adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > dicht

  • 19 GANGA

    * * *
    I)
    (geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.
    1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);
    2) to go;
    ganga heim, to go home;
    ganga braut, to go away;
    ganga til hvílu, to go to bed;
    ganga á skip, to go on board;
    ganga af skipi, to go ashore;
    with infin., ganga sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;
    ganga at eiga konu, to marry a woman;
    3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);
    4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);
    5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);
    6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ganga af hesti mínum);
    gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;
    8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ganga);
    of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);
    of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);
    9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);
    impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;
    10) láta ganga e-t, to let go on;
    láta höggin ganga, to rain blows;
    Birkibeinar létu ganga lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously;
    ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do;
    impers., svá þykt, at þeim gekk þar eigi at fara, so close, that they could not go on there;
    þeim gekk ekki fyrir nesit, they could not clear the ness;
    12) to turn out, go in a specified way;
    ganga andæris, to go all wrong;
    gekk þeim lítt atsókinn, they made little progress with the attack;
    impers., e-m gengr vel (illa), one fares (goes on, gets on) well (badly);
    13) with acc., ganga e-n á bak, to force one to go backwards (harm gengr bjöninn á bak);
    14) with dat., to discharge (gekk bann þá blóði);
    15) with preps. and adverbs:
    ganga af e-u, to depart from, leave (þá gekk af honum móðrinn);
    ganga af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits;
    ganga af trú sinni, to apostatize;
    to pass (síðan gengu af páskarnir);
    to go off (gekk þegar af höfuðit);
    to be left as surplus (þat er af skuldinni gekk);
    nú gengr honum hey af, now he has some hay left;
    ganga af sér, to go to extremities, to go beyond oneself (mjök ganga þeir fóstbrœðr nú af sé);
    ganga aptr, to revert (return) to the former proprietor (síðan gengu þau lönd aptr undir Árna);
    to be void, annulled (þá skal kaup aptr ganga);
    of a ghost, to walk again; of a door, to close, shut (gekk eigi aptr hurðin);
    ganga at e-m, to attack one;
    ganga at e-u, to agree to, accept a choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljótt at þessu öllu); to fit (skaltu fá mér lukla þá, sem ganga at kistum yðrum);
    ganga á e-t, to encroach upon (ganga á ríki e-s); to break (ganga á orð sín, eiða, grið, sættir, trygðir); to pierce, penetrate;
    hann var í panzara, er ekki gekk á, that was proof against any weapons;
    ganga á vald e-s or e-m, ganga á hönd (hendr) e-m, to submit to, give oneself up to, surrender to one;
    ganga á bak e-u, to contravene;
    ganga eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (göngum heim eptir verðinu); to pursue, claim;
    ganga eptir, to prove true, be fulfilled (þetta gekk allt eptir, sem M. sagði fyrir);
    ganga frá e-u, to part with, lose (sumir munu ganga frá öllu fénu);
    ganga fram, to step forward;
    ganga fram vel, to go forward bravely, in a battle;
    to come to pass, come into execution (skal þess bíða, er þetta gengr fram);
    to increase (fé Hall gerðar gekk fram ok gørðist allmikit);
    to depart this life (H. bóndi gengr fram til frænda sinna);
    ganga fyrir e-n, to present oneself before one (ganga fyrir konung);
    ganga fyrir e-u, to take charge of, manage (var þar mart fólk, en húsbóndi gekk svá fyrir, at ekkert skorti); to yield to, be swayed by (hann gekk þá fyrir fortölum hennar);
    ganga í gegn e-m, to set oneself against one;
    ganga í gegn e-u, to confess, acknowledge;
    maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðst tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away;
    ganga í mál, to undertake a case;
    ganga með e-m (of a woman), to marry;
    ganga með barni, to be with child;
    ganga með burði (of animals), to be with young;
    ganga með e-u, to assist in, plead (ganga með máli, bónorði);
    ganga milli (á m., í m.), to go between, intercede;
    ganga móti (á m., í m.) e-m, to go to meet one;
    ganga móti e-u, to resist, oppose;
    to confess, = ganga í gegn, ganga við e-u;
    ganga nær e-m, to be troublesome to one (þótti hón œrit nær ganga Þórgerði);
    ganga e-m nær, to approach, come near to one (sá hefir á brott komizt, er næst gekk Gunnari um alla hluti);
    ganga saman, to marry;
    of an agreement, bargain, to be brought about;
    saman gekk kaupit með þeim, they came to a bargain;
    ganga sundr (í s.), to go asunder, part;
    ganga til, to go up to a thing (gangit til ok hyggit at); of the wind, to veer (veðrit gekk til útsuðrs);
    en þat gekk mér til þess (that was my reason), at ek ann þér eigi;
    hversu hefir ykkr til gengit, how have you fared?
    Loka gekk lítt til, it fared ill with L.;
    ganga um e-t, to go about a thing;
    ganga um beina, to wait upon guests;
    ganga um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker;
    ganga um e-n, to befall, happen to one (þess, er um margan gengr guma); of the wind, to go round, veer (gekk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim); to manage (fékk hón svá um gengit, at);
    g. undir e-t, to take upon oneself, undertake (a duty);
    ganga undir e-n, to subject oneself to;
    ganga upp, to be wasted (of money);
    to get loose, to he torn loose (þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir á húsinu);
    of a storm, gale, to get up, rise (veðr gekk upp);
    of an ice-bound river, áin var gengin upp, swollen with ice;
    ganga við staf, to walk with a stick;
    ganga við e-u or e-t, to avow;
    ganga yfir e-t, to go beyond, disregard (hann vildi eigi ganga yfir þat, er hann vissi réttast);
    ganga yfir e-n, to overcome, to befall, happen to one;
    slíkt sem yfir hefir gengit, all that has happened;
    eitt skal yfir okkr ganga, we shall share one fate;
    16) refl., gangast.
    f.
    1) walking (hann mœddist í göngu);
    vera í göngu, to be on foot, to walk;
    2) course (ganga tungls, vinds).
    * * *
    pret. gekk or gékk, 2nd pers. gékkt, mod. gékst; pl. gengu, geingu, or géngu, and an old poët. gingu; gengengu in Vsp. 12 is a mere misspelling (vide Sæm. Möb. 258); pres. geng, pl. göngum; pret. subj. gengi (geingi); imperat. gakk and gakktú; with the neg. suffix geng-at, gengr-at, gékk-at, gakk-attu, passim; a middle form göngumk firr, go from me, Gm. 1: a contracted form gá occurs now and then in mod. hymns; it is not vernacular but borrowed from Germ. and Dan.: [cp. Ulf. gaggan; A. S. and Hel. gangan; Scot. and North. E. gang, mod. Engl. go; Dan.-Swed. gange or gå; Germ. gehen; Ivar Aasen ganga: Icel., Scots, and Norsemen have preserved the old ng, which in Germ. and Swed.-Dan. only remains in poetry or in a special sense, e. g. in Germ. compds.]
    A. To go:
    I. to walk; reið jarl en Karkr gékk, Fms. i. 210, Rm. 1, 2, 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, Edda 10, Grág. ii. 95, passim; ganga leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, Fms. x. 290, Krók. 26: adding acc., g. alla leið, Fms. xi. 202, 299; g. berg, to climb a cliff; g. afréttar, to search the fell-pastures (fjallganga), Háv. 39; also g. ( to climb) í fjall, í kletta, Fms. x. 313: Icel. also say, ganga skó og sokka, to wear out shoes and socks; hann gékk tvenna skó; ganga berserks gang, q. v.
    β. absol. to go a-begging, Grág. i. 226, 232, Ísl. ii. 25; ganga vergang, húsgang, id. (göngumaðr).
    II. adding adverbs, infinitives, adjectives, or the like,
    α. an adverb denoting direction; g. út ok inn, Vkv. 4, Lv. 26; g. inn, Fms. i. 16, vi. 33; g. út, to go out, Lat. exire, Nj. 194; g. aptr, to return, Fms. x. 352; g. fram, to step forward, Hm. 1, Eg. 165; g. upp, to go up, ashore; g. ofan, niðr, to go down; g. heiman, 199; g. heim, to go home; gakk hingat, come hither! 488; g. móti, í gegn e-m, to go against, to meet one; g. braut, to go away; g. til e-s, or at e-m, to go to one; g. frá e-m, to leave one; g. með e-m, to go with one; g. hjá, to pass by; g. saman, to go together; g. yfir, to go over; g. gegnum, to go through; g. undir, to go under; g. undan, fyrir, to go before; g. eptir, to go behind; g. um, to rove, stroll about, and so on passim; g. í sæti, to go to one’s seat, take a seat, Eg. 551; g. til hvílu, to go to bed, Nj. 201; g. til matar, to go to dinner, Sturl. iii. 111, Eg. 483; g. til vinnu, verks, to go to one’s work, cp. Hm. 58; g. í kirkju, to go to church, Rb. 82; g. á fjall, to go on the fells, Hrafn. 34; g. á skip, to go on board, Fms. x. 10; g. af skipi, to go ashore.
    β. with infin., in old poems often dropping ‘at;’ ganga sofa, to go to sleep, Fm. 27; g. at sofa, Hm. 19; g. vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 56, Ls. 15; g. at eiga konu, to go to be married, Grág. i. 318.
    γ. with an adj.; g. hræddr, to be afraid; g. úviss, to be in ignorance, etc., Fms. vii. 271, Sks. 250, 688.
    2. in a more special sense; g. til einvígis, bardaga, to go to a duel, battle, Nj. 64; g. á hólm (hólmganga), Eg. 504, 506; g. á eintal, Nj. 103; g. til máls við e-n, to speak to one, Eg. 199, 764; g. í glímu, to go a-wrestling, Ísl. ii. 246; g. á fang, id., Ld. 206; g. í danz, to go a-dancing; g. til skripta, to go to shrift, Hom. 157; g. at brúðkaupi, to go to be married, Fms. vii. 278; g. í skóla, klaustr, to go to school, go into a cloister (as an inmate), (hence skóla-genginn, a school-man, scholar), Bs. passim; g. í þjónustu, to take service, Nj. 268; g. í lið með e-m, to enter one’s party, side with one, 100; g. í lög, to enter a league with one; g. ór lögum, to go out of a league, passim; g. í félag, ór félagi, id.; g. á mala, to take service as a soldier, 121; g. á hönd, g. til handa, to submit to one as a liegeman, surrender, Eg. 19, 33, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 180; g. á vald e-m, to give oneself up, Nj. 267; g. á hendr e-m, to encroach upon, Ver. 56; g. í skuld, to bail, Grág. i. 232, Dipl. ii. 12; g. í trúnað, to warrant, Fms. xi. 356; g. til trygða, Nj. 166, and g. til griða, to accept truce, surrender, Fas. ii. 556; g. í mál, to enter, undertake a case, Nj. 31; g. í ánauð, to go into bondage, Eg. 8; g. til lands, jarðar, ríkis, arfs, to take possession of …, 118, Stj. 380, Grág., Fms. passim; g. til fréttar, to go to an oracle, take auspices, 625. 89; g. til Heljar, a phrase for to die, Fms. x. 414; g. nær, to go nigh, go close to, press hard on, Ld. 146, 322, Fms. xi. 240 (where reflex.); var sá viðr bæði mikill og góðr því at Þorkell gékk nær, Th. kept a close eye on it, Ld. 316.
    B. Joined with prepp. and adverbs in a metaph. sense:—g. af, to depart from, go off; þá gékk af honum móðrinn ok sefaðisk hann, Edda 28; þá er af honum gékk hamremin, Eg. 125, Eb. 136, Stj. 118; g. af sér, to go out of or beyond oneself; mjök g. þeir svari-bræðr nú af sér, Fbr. 32; í móti Búa er hann gengr af sér ( rages) sem mest, Fb. i. 193; þá gékk mest af sér ranglæti manna um álnir, Bs. i. 135: so in the mod. phrases, g. fram af sér, to overstrain oneself; and g. af sér, to fall off, decay: to forsake, g. af trú, to apostatize, Fms. ii. 213; g. af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits, go mad, Post. 656 C. 31; g. af Guðs boðorðum, Stj. passim: to pass. Páskar g. af, Ld. 200: to be left as surplus (afgangr), Rb. 122, Grág. i. 411, K. Þ. K. 92:—g. aptr, to walk again, of a ghost (aptrganga), Ld. 58, Eb. 278, Fs. 131, 141, passim; and absol., g. um híbýli, to hunt, Landn. 107: to go back, be void, of a bargain, Gþl. 491:—g. at e-m, to go at, attack, Nj. 80, 160: to press on, Grág. i. 51, Dipl. ii. 19 (atgangr): g. at e-u, to accept a choice, Nj. 256; g. at máli, to assist, help, 207: to fit, of a key, lykla þá sem g. at kístum yðrum, Finnb. 234, Fbr. 46 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 383: medic. to ail, e-ð gengr at e-m; ok gengr at barni, and if the bairn ails, 340, freq. in mod. usage of ailment, grief, etc.:—g. á e-t, to go against, encroach upon; ganga á ríki e-s, Fms. i. 2; g. upp á, to tread upon, vii. 166; hverr maðr er ólofat gengr á mál þeirra, who trespasses against their measure, Grág. i. 3: to break, g. á orð, eiða, sættir, trygðir, grið, Finnb. 311, Fms. i. 189, Ld. 234; g. á bak e-u, to contravene, Ísl. ii. 382; ganga á, to go on with a thing, Grág. ii. 363; hence the mod. phrase, mikið gengr á, much going on; hvað gengr á, what is going on? það er farið að g. á það (of a task or work or of stores), it is far advanced, not much left:—g. eptir, to go after, pursue, claim (eptirgangr), Nj. 154, Þórð. 67, Fms. vii. 5; g. eptir e-m, to humour one who is cross, in the phrase, g. eptir e-m með grasið í skónum; vertu ekki að g. eptir stráknum; hann vill láta g. eptir ser (of a spoilt boy, cross fellow): to prove true, follow, hón mælti mart, en þó gékk þat sumt eptir, Nj. 194; eptir gékk þat er mér bauð hugr um, Eg. 21, Fms. x. 211:—g. fram, to go on well in a battle, Nj. 102, 235, Háv. 57 (framgangr): to speed, Nj. 150, Fms. xi. 427: to grow, increase (of stock), fé Hallgerðar gékk fram ok varð allmikit, Nj. 22; en er fram gékk mjök kvikfé Skallagríms, Eg. 136, Vígl. 38: to come to pass, skal þess bíða er þetta gengr fram, Nj. 102, Fms. xi. 22: to die, x. 422:—g. frá, to leave (a work) so and so; g. vel frá, to make good work; g. ílla frá, to make bad work; það er ílla frá því gengið, it is badly done:—g. fyrir, to go before, to yield to, to be swayed by a thing; heldr nú við hót, en ekki geng ek fyrir slíku, Fms. i. 305; þó at vér gangim heldr fyrir blíðu en stríðu, ii. 34, Fb. i. 378, Hom. 68; hvárki gékk hann fyrir blíðyrðum né ógnarmálum, Fms. x. 292; hann gékk þá fyrir fortülum hennar, Bs. i. 742: in mod. usage reflex., gangast fyrir íllu, góðu: to give away, tók hann þá at ganga fyrir, Fb. i. 530: Icel. now say, reflex., gangast fyrir, to fall off, from age or the like (vide fyrirgengiligr): to prevent, skal honum þá eigi fyrnska fyrir g., N. G. L. i. 249; þá er hann sekr þrem mörkum nema nauðsyn gangi fyrir, 14; at þeim gangi lögleg forföll fyrir, Gþl. 12:—g. í gegn, to go against, to meet, in mod. usage to deny, and so it seems to be in Gþl. 156; otherwise in old writers it always means the reverse, viz. to avow, confess; maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðsk tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away, Ísl. ii. 331; ef maðr gengr í gegn legorðinu, Grág. i. 340; sá goði er í gegn gékk ( who acknowledged) þingfesti hans, 20; hann iðraðisk úráðs síns, ok gékk í gegn at hann hefði saklausan selt herra sinn, Sks. 584,—this agrees with the parallel phrase, g. við e-t, mod. g. við e-u, to confess, both in old and mod. usage, id.:—g. hjá, to pass by, to waive a thing, Fms. vi. 168:—g. með, to go with one, to wed, marry (only used of a woman, like Lat. nubere), þú hefir þvert tekit at g. með mér, Ld. 262, Sd. 170, Grág. i. 178, Þiðr. 209, Gkv. 2. 27, Fms. xi. 5: medic., g. með barni, to go with child, i. 57; with acc. (barn), Bs. i. 790, and so in mod. usage; a mother says, sama sumarið sem eg gékk með hann (hana) N. N., (meðgöngutími); but dat. in the phrase, vera með barni, to be with child; g. með burði, of animals, Sks. 50, Stj. 70; g. með máli, to assist, plead, Eg. 523, Fms. xi. 105, Eb. 210; g. með e-u, to confess [Dan. medgaae], Stj., but rare and not vernacular:—g. milli, to go between, intercede, esp. as a peacemaker, passim (milli-ganga, meðal-ganga):—g. í móti, to resist, Nj. 90, 159, 171: of the tide, en þar gékk í móti útfalls-straumr, Eg. 600:—g. saman, to go together, marry, Grág. i. 324, Fms. xi. 77: of a bargain, agreement, við þetta gékk saman sættin, Nj. 250; saman gékk kaupit með þeim, 259:—g. sundr, to go asunder, part, and of a bargain, to be broken off, passim:—g. til, to step out, come along; gangit til, ok blótið, 623. 59; gangit til, ok hyggit at, landsmenn, Fms. iv. 282: to offer oneself, to volunteer, Bs. i. 23, 24: the phrase, e-m gengr e-ð til e-s, to purpose, intend; en þat gékk mér til þess ( that was my reason) at ek ann þér eigi, etc., Ísl. ii. 269; sagði, at honum gékk ekki ótrúnaðr til þessa, Fms. x. 39; gékk Flosa þat til, at …, Nj. 178; gengr mér meirr þat til, at ek vilda firra vini mína vandræðum, Fms. ii. 171; mælgi gengr mér til, ‘tis that I have spoken too freely, Orkn. 469, Fms. vi. 373, vii. 258: to fare, hversu hefir ykkr til gengið, how have you fared? Grett. 48 new Ed.; Loka gékk lítt til, it fared ill with L., Fb. i. 276: mod., þat gékk svá til, it so happened, but not freq., as bera við is better, (tilgangr, intention):—g. um e-t, to go about a thing; g. um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker, Fms. v. 156; g. um beina, to attend guests, Nj. 50, passim: to manage, fékk hón svá um gengit, Grett. 197 new Ed.; hversu þér genguð um mitt góðs, 206: to spread over, in the phrase, má þat er um margan gengr; þess er um margan gengr guma, Hm. 93: to veer, go round, of the wind, gékk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim, the wind went round and a gale met them, Bs. i. 775:—g. undan, to go before, escape, Ver. 15, Fms. vii. 217, Blas. 49: to be lost, wasted, jafnmikit sem undan gékk af hans vanrækt, Gþl. 338: to absent oneself, eggjuðusk ok báðu engan undan g., Fms. x. 238:—g. undir, to undertake a duty, freq.: to set, of the sun, Rb. 468, Vígl. (in a verse): to go into one’s possession, power, Fms. vii. 207;—g. upp, to be wasted, of money, Fær. 39, Fms. ix. 354: of stones or earth-bound things, to get loose, be torn loose, þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir í húsinu, Landn. 185; flest gékk upp þat sem fyrir þeim varð, Háv. 40, Finnb. 248; ok gékk ór garðinum upp ( was rent loose) garðtorfa frosin, Eb. 190: to rise, yield, when summoned, Sturl. iii. 236: of a storm, gale, to get up, rise, veðr gékk upp at eins, Grett. 94, Bárð. 169; gengr upp stormr hinn sami, Bs. ii. 50: of an ice-bound river, to swell, áin var ákafliga mikil, vóru höfuðísar at báðum-megin, en gengin upp ( swoln with ice) eptir miðju, Ld. 46, Fbr. 20 new Ed., Bjarn. 52; vötnin upp gengin, Fbr. 114; áin var gengin upp ok íll yfirferðar, Grett. 134:—g. við, in the phrase, g. við staf, to go with a staff, rest on it: with dat., g. við e-u, to avow (vide ganga í gegn above):—g. yfir, to spread, prevail, áðr Kristnin gengi yfir, Fms. x. 273; hétu á heiðin goð til þess at þau léti eigi Kristnina g. yfir landit, Bs. i. 23: the phrase, láta eitt g. yfir báða, to let one fate go over both, to stand by one another for weal and woe; hefi ek því heitið honum at eitt skyldi g. yfir okkr bæði, Nj. 193, 201, 204, Gullþ. 8: so in the saying, má þat er yfir margan gengr, a common evil is easier to bear, Fbr. 45 new Ed. (vide um above); muntu nú verða at segja slíkt sem yfir hefir gengið, all that has happened, Fms. xi. 240; þess gengr ekki yfir þá at þeir vili þeim lengr þjóna, they will no longer serve them, come what may, Orkn. 84: to overrun, tyrannize over, þeir vóru ójafnaðar menn ok ganga þar yfir alla menn, Fms. x. 198 (yfirgangr): to transgress, Hom. 109: to overcome, þótti öllum mönnum sem hann mundi yfir allt g., Fms. vii. 326: a naut. term, to dash over, as spray, áfall svá mikit at yfir gékk þegar skipit, Bs. i. 422; hence the metaph. phrase, g. yfir e-n, to be astonished; það gengr yfir mig, it goes above me, I am astonished.
    C. Used singly, of various things:
    1. of cattle, horses, to graze (haga-gangr); segja menn at svín hans gengi á Svínanesi, en sauðir á Hjarðarnesi, Landn. 124, Eg. 711; kálfrinn óx skjótt ok gékk í túni um sumarit, Eb. 320; Freyfaxi gengr í dalnum fram, Hrafn. 6; þar var vanr at g. hafr um túnit, Nj. 62; þar var til grass (görs) at g., Ld. 96, Grág. passim; gangandi gripr, cattle, beasts, Bjarn. 22; ganganda fé, id., Sturl. i. 83, Band. 2, Ísl. ii. 401.
    2. of shoals of fish, to go up, in a river or the like (fiski-ganga, -gengd); vötn er netnæmir fiskar g. í, Grág. i. 149; til landauðnar horfði í Ísafirði áðr fiskr gékk upp á Kvíarmiði, Sturl. ii. 177; fiskr er genginn inn ór álum, Bb. 3. 52.
    3. of the sun, stars, vide B. above, (sólar-gangr hæstr, lengstr, and lægstr skemstr = the longest and shortest day); áðr sól gangi af Þingvelli, Grág. i. 24; því at þar gékk eigi sól af um skamdegi, Landn. 140, Rb. passim:—of a thunder-storm, þar gékk reiði-duna með eldingu, Fb. iii. 174:—of the tide, stream, water, vide B. above, eða gangi at vötn eða skriður, K. Þ. K. 78.
    4. of a ship, gékk þá skipit mikit, Eg. 390, Fms. vi. 249; létu svá g. suðr fyrir landit, Eg. 78; lét svá g. suðr allt þar til er hann sigldi í Englands-haf, Ó. H. 149; réru nótt ok dag sem g. mátti, Eg. 88; gékk skipit brátt út á haf, Ó. H. 136.
    β. to pass; kvað engi skip skyldi g. (go, pass) til Íslands þat sumar, Ld. 18.
    II. metaph. to run out, stretch out, project, of a landscape or the like; gengr haf fyrir vestan ok þar af firðir stórir, Eg. 57; g. höf stór ór útsjánum inn í jörðina; haf (the Mediterranean) gengr af Njörva-sundum (the Straits of Gibraltar), Hkr. i. 5; nes mikit gékk í sæ út, Eg. 129, Nj. 261; í gegnum Danmörk gengr sjór (the Baltic) í Austrveg, A. A. 288; fyrir austan hafs-botn þann (Bothnia) er gengr til móts við Gandvík (the White Sea), Orkn. begin.: frá Bjarmalandi g. lönd til úbygða, A. A. 289; Europa gengr allt til endimarka Hispaniae, Stj. 83; öllum megin gengr at henni haf ok kringir um hana, 85; þessi þinghá gékk upp ( extended) um Skriðudal, Hrafn. 24: of houses, af fjósi gékk forskáli, Dropl. 28.
    2. to spread, branch out; en af því tungurnar eru ólíkar hvár annarri, þær þegar, er ór einni ok hinni sömu hafa gengit eða greinzt, þá þarf ólíka stafi í at hafa, Skálda (Thorodd) 160: of a narrative, gengr þessi saga mest af Sverri konungi, this story goes forth from him, i. e. relates to, tells of him, Fb. ii. 533; litlar sögur megu g. af hesti mínum, Nj. 90; um fram alla menn Norræna þá er sögur g. frá, Fms. i. 81.
    III. to take the lead, prevail; gékk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter (i. e. after the Conquest) the Welsh tongue prevailed in England, Ísl. ii. 221; ok þar allt sem Dönsk tunga gengi, Fms. xi. 19; meðan Dönsk tunga gengr, x. 179:—of money, to be current, hundrað aura þá er þá gengu í gjöld, Dropl. 16; eigi skulu álnar g. aðrar en þessar, Grág. i. 498; í þenna tíð gékk hér silfr í allar stórskuldir, 500, Fms. viii. 270; eptir því sem gengr ( the course) flestra manna í millum, Gþl. 352:—of laws, to be valid, ok var nær sem sín lög gengi í hverju fylki, Fms. iv. 18; Óðinn setti lög í landi sínu þau er gengit höfðu fyrr með Ásum, Hkr. i. 13; þeirra laga er gengu á Uppsala-þingi, Ó. H. 86; hér hefir Kristindóms-bálk þann er g. skal, N. G. L. i. 339; sá siðr er þá gékk, Fb. i. 71, (vide ganga yfir):—of sickness, plague, famine, to rage, þá gékk landfarsótt, bóla, drepsótt, hallæri, freq.; also impers., gékk því hallæri um allt Ísland, Bs. i. 184; mikit hallæri ok hart gékk yfir fólkið, 486, v. l.; gékk sóttin um haustið fyrir sunnan land; þá gékk mest plágan fyrri, Ann. 1402, 1403.
    IV. to go on, last, in a bad sense, of an evil; tókst síðan bardagi, ok er hann hafði gengit um hríð, Fs. 48: impers., hefir þessu gengit ( it has gone on) marga manns-aldra, Fms. i. 282; gékk því lengi, so it went on a long while, Grett. 79 new Ed.; gékk þessu enn til dags, Nj. 272; ok gékk því um hríð, 201; ok gékk því allan þann dag, Fms. vii. 147; lát því g. í allt sumar, xi. 57; gengr þessu þar til er …, Fb. i. 258.
    V. denoting violence; létu g. bæði grjót ok vápn, Eg. 261; létu þá hvárir-tveggju g. allt þat er til vápna höfðu, Fms. ix. 44; láta höggin g., to let it rain blows, Úlf. 12. 40; háðung, spottyrði, hróp ok brigzl hver lét með öðrum g. á víxl, Pass. 14. 3, (vápna-gangr); Birkibeinar róa þá eptir, ok létu g. lúðrana, and sounded violently the alarum, Fms. ix. 50, (lúðra-gangr); láta dæluna g., to pour out bad language, vide dæla.
    VI. to be able to go on, to go, partly impers.; ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do, Fms. vi. 284; svá þykt at þeim gékk þar ekki at fara, they stood so close that they could not proceed there, Nj. 247; þá nam þar við, gékk þá eigi lengra, there was a stop; then it could go no farther, Fms. xi. 278; leiddu þeir skipit upp eptir ánni, svá sem gékk, as far as the ship could go, as far as the river was navigable, Eg. 127: esp. as a naut. term, impers., e. g. þeim gékk ekki fyrir nesið, they could not clear the ness; þá gengr eigi lengra, ok fella þeir þá seglið, Bs. i. 423; at vestr gengi um Langanes, 485, v. l.
    VII. with adverbs; g. létt, fljótt, to go smoothly; g. þungt, seint, to go slowly; oss munu öll vápna-viðskipti þungt g. við þá, Nj. 201; þungt g. oss nú málaferlin, 181; gékk þeim lítt atsóknin, Stj. 385; at þeim feðgum hefði þá allir hlutir léttast gengit, Bs. i. 274; seint gengr, Þórir, greizlan, Ó. H. 149; g. betr, verr, to get the better, the worse; gékk Ribbungum betr í fyrstu, Fms. ix. 313; gengu ekki mjök kaupin, the bargain did not go well, Nj. 157, cp. ganga til (B. above):—to turn out, hversu g. mundi orrostan, 273; gékk þá allt eptir því sem Hallr hafði sagt, 256; ef kviðir g. í hag sækjanda, if the verdict goes for the plaintiff, Grág. i. 87; þótti þetta mál hafa gengit at óskum, Dropl. 14; mart gengr verr en varir, a saying, Hm. 39; þykir honum nú at sýnu g. ( it seems to him evident) at hann hafi rétt hugsað, Fms. xi. 437; g. andæris, to go all wrong, Am. 14; g. misgöngum, to go amiss, Grág. i. 435; g. e-m í tauma, to turn false ( crooked); þat mun mér lítt í tauma g. er Rútr segir, Nj. 20; g. ofgangi, to go too high, Fms. vii. 269.
    VIII. of a blow or the like; hafði gengit upp á miðjan fetann, the axe went in up to the middle of the blade, Nj. 209; gékk þegar á hol, 60; gékk í gegnum skjöldinn, 245, Fb. i. 530.
    IX. of law; láta próf g., to make an enquiry; láta vátta g., to take evidence, D. N.
    X. to be gone, be lost; gékk hér með holdit niðr at beini, the flesh was torn off, Fb. i. 530: esp. in pass. part. genginn, dead, gone, eptir genginn guma, Hm. 71; moldar-genginn, buried, Sl. 60; hel-genginn, 68; afli genginn, gone from strength, i. e. powerless, Skv. 3. 13.
    β. gone, past; gengið er nú það görðist fyr, a ditty; mér er gengið heimsins hjól, gone for me is the world’s wheel ( luck), a ditty.
    XI. used as transit. with acc.; hann gengr björninn á bak aptr, he broke the bear’s back in grappling with him, Finnb. 248; ok gengr hana á bak, ok brýtr í sundr í henni hrygginn, Fb. i. 530.
    2. medic. with dat. to discharge; ganga blóði, to discharge blood (Dan. blodgang), Bs. i. 337, 383; Arius varð bráðdauðr ok gékk ór sér öllum iðrum, Ver. 47.
    D. REFLEX.:
    I. singly, gangask, to be altered, to change, be corrupted; gangask í munni, of tradition; var þat löng ævi, ok vant at sögurnar hefði eigi gengisk í munni, Ó. H. pref.; má því eigi þetta mál í munni gengisk hafa, Fb. ii. Sverr. S. pref.; ok mættim vér ráða um nokkut, at málit gengisk, that the case could miscarry, be lost, Glúm. 380:—láta gangask, to let pass. waive; lét Páll þá g. þá hluti er áðr höfðu í millum staðit, Sturl. i. 102; ef þú lætr eigi g. þat er ek kref þik, Fms. xi. 61.
    2. e-m gengsk hugr við e-t, to change one’s mind, i. e. to be moved to compassion, yield; sótti hón þá svá at honum gékksk hugr við, Eb. 264; þá gékksk Þorgerði hugr við harma-tölur hans, Ld. 232; ok mun honum g. hugr við þat, svá at hann mun fyrirgefa þér, Gísl. 98; nú sem hann grét, gékksk Ísak hugr við, Stj. 167; er sendimaðr fann at Birni gékksk hugr við féit, Ó. H. 194; við slíkar fortölur hennar gékksk Einari hugr (E. was swayed) til ágirni, Orkn. 24.
    II. with prepp. (cp. B. above); gangask at, to ‘go at it,’ engage in a fight; nú gangask þeir at fast, Dropl. 24, Ísl. ii. 267; gengusk menn at sveitum, of wrestlers, they wrestled one with another in sections (Dan. flokkevis), Glúm. 354; þeir gengusk at lengi, Finnb. 248:—gangask fyrir, vide B. above:—gangask í gegn, at móti, to stand against, fight against; at vér látim ok eigi þá ráða er mest vilja í gegn gangask (i. e. the extreme on each side), Íb. 12, cp. Fms. ii. 241; at þeir skipaði til um fylkingar sínar, hverjar sveitir móti skyldi g., i. e. to pair the combatants off, ix. 489; þeir risu upp ok gengusk at móti, Stj. 497. 2 Sam. ii. 15:—g. nær, to come to close quarters (Lat. cominus gerere), Nj. 176, Fms. xi. 240:—gangask á, to dash against one another, to split; á gengusk eiðar, the oaths were broken, Vsp. 30: to be squared off against one another, sú var görð þeirra, at á gengusk vígin húskarlanna, Rd. 288; ekki er annars getið en þeir léti þetta á gangask, i. e. they let it drop, Bjarn. 47; gangask fyrir, to fall off, Fms. iii. 255:—gangask við, to grow, gain strength; áðr en við gengisk hans bæn, before his prayer should be fulfilled, x. 258; ef þat er ætlað at trúa þessi skuli við g., Nj. 162; hétu þeir fast á guðin, at þau skyldi eigi láta við garrgask Kristniboð Ólafs konungs, Fms. ii. 32; þetta gékksk við um öll þau fylki, vii. 300; mikit gékksk Haraldr við (H. grew fast) um vöxt ok afl, Fb. i. 566; Eyvindr hafði mikið við gengizk um menntir, E. had much improved himself in good breeding, Hrafn. 24; vildi hann prófa hvárr þeirra meira hafði við gengisk, which of them had gained most strength, Grett. 107: to be in vogue, in a bad sense, ok löngum við gengisk öfund ok rangindi, Fms. i. 221, cp. Pass. 37. 7:—gangask ór stað, to be removed, Fms. xi. 107.
    III. in the phrase, e-m gengsk vel, ílla, it goes well, ill with one, Hom. 168, Am. 53; ílls gengsk þér aldri, nema …, the evil will never leave thee, thou wilt never be happy, unless …, 65.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GANGA

  • 20 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF

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